行政许可权下沉研究

A Study on the Reform of Delegating Administrative Licensing Power

行政许可权下沉,既是行政审批制度改革继续深化的重要方面,同时也可以被视为相对集中行政许可权改革的一种表现形式。实践中存在多种许可权下沉的实现机制,既包括能够直接改变职权归属的许可权下放,也包括不改变职权归属的许可权委托、在基层设立分支机构审批以及多审级事项的基层直报机制等。在进行行政许可权下沉时,要以下级机关的承接能力为依据。因此,中央向地方放权、地方将许可权分配于基层,乃至进一步下沉至乡镇和街道级别,都有相应的范围选择。行政许可权下沉需要与其他许可权分配方式相协调,包括特殊情况下的许可权上收,以及横向上的相对集中。

The delegation of administrative licensing authority is a crucial element in the ongoing deepening of administrative review and approval system reform.It can also be viewed as a manifestation of the reform of administrative licensing authority s relative centralization.In practice,there are various mechanisms to facilitate the delegation of licensing power.These include delegations that can directly alter the attribution of authority,those that do not change it,the establishment of grassroots-level branches for review and approval,and the adoption of direct reporting mechanisms for matters at multiple review levels.The form of delegation chosen depends on the lower-level authorities capabilities,allowing for a range of delegation options,such as central government-to-provincial/municipal governments,provincial/municipal governments-to-county level governments,and further delegating powers to the township and street level governments.It is important to coordinate administrative licensing power delegation reforms with other reforms,such as upward withdrawal of licensing power under special circumstances and the horizontal centralization of licensing power.