战略竞争背景下中美自然科学领域科研合作分析

Analysis of China-U.S.Scientific Research Cooperation in the Field of Natural Science Under the Background of Strategic Competition

将中美科研合作作为研究对象,基于SCI论文数据探讨了战略竞争背景下中美合作的特征,重点分析2016—2021年中美自然科学领域科研合作的变化趋势、学科分布与变化特点,以及国际合作的影响作用;同时也从跨国研究人员的数量及研究领域角度对相关影响因素进行了分析。研究表明,在2020年之前,中美一度保持合作增强的趋势,并且在各自的国际合作网络中均占据首要位置,中美合作对于中国的影响作用较大。随着中美在科技领域的竞争态势日益激烈,中美科研关联性出现下降的趋势,科研合作对于中美两国的重要性也在逐渐减弱,但在个别领域,如临床医学、地学领域的科研合作保持小幅增长。而中美两国跨国科研人员数量的大幅下降成为中美合作关联性降低的重要影响因素。最后,基于以上结果,从模式机制创新与交流方式的多样化等方面对中美科技合作的未来提出一些建议。

This study takes China-U.S.scientific research cooperation as the research object,and based on Science Citation Index Expanded database,discusses the characteristics of China-U.S.scientific research cooperation in the context of strategic competition,focusing on the analysis of the changing trend,discipline distribution and changing characteristics of China-U.S.cooperation in 2016-2021,as well as the impact of the cooperation on their respective countries’international cooperation.At the same time,the relevant influencing factors are also analyzed from the perspective of the number of transnational researchers and changes in research fields.The results show that before 2020,China and the United States once maintained close cooperation and the enhanced trend and occupied the first place in their respective international cooperation networks.China-U.S.cooperation has a greater impact on China.With the increasingly fierce competition between China and the U.S.in the field of science and technology,the number of cooperation papers has declined.At the same time,the importance of China-U.S.cooperation is also weakening.However,the number of cooperation papers in certain areas,such as clinical medicine and geosciences,has increased slightly.The sharp decline in the number of transnational scientific researchers in China and the United States has become an important factor in the reduction of the relevance of China-U.S.cooperation.Finally,some suggestions are put forward for the future of China-U.S.scientific and technological cooperation from the aspects of mechanism innovation and diversification of communication methods.