不同施氮处理对猕猴桃营养生长及产量品质的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments on Vegetative Growth,Yield and Fruit Quality of Kiwifruit

为优化猕猴桃施肥方案,确立适宜汉中土壤实际的氮肥用量,减少化肥大面积施用造成的农业环境污染。以“翠香”猕猴桃为试材,设置常规施肥(CK)、重施有机肥无氮(OM)、70%优化氮(N1)、80%优化氮(N2)、120%优化氮(N3)5个处理。相关分析表明,猕猴桃产量与新梢长度、单果质量极显著正相关,与可滴定酸含量极显著负相关。可溶性固形物含量与果实可溶性糖、维生素C含量及硬度呈极显著正相关。优化施氮增加了新梢长度、叶片长度、果实硬度,降低了可滴定酸含量,与CK相比,N1、N2、N3处理下新梢长度、叶片长度、果实硬度增幅分别为12.71%~24.18%、0.44%~5.3%、4.79%~7.5%,可滴定酸降低了9.09%~17.68%。优化施氮量显著提高了猕猴桃产量,增幅在24.49%~35.67%。其中N2增加幅度最大,较CK增产35.67%。优化氮肥提高了猕猴桃产量,减少了肥料浪费,同时也保持了猕猴桃优质稳产,其中80%优化氮效果最好,适宜在汉中地区猕猴桃园广泛推广。

The aim of this study was to optimize the fertilization plan for kiwifruit cultivation and reduce the agricultural environment pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers.With‘Cuixiang’Kiwifruit as material,five nitrogen treatments,including NPK application(CK),only organic fertilizer application(OM),NPK application with 30%reduction(N1),NPK application with 20%reduction(N2),and NPK application with 10%reduction(N3),were applied to determine the optimal nitrogen fertilizer amount suitable for the soil in Hanzhong.Based on the correlation analysis,it was found that kiwifruit yield exhibited a significant positive correlation with shoot length and fruit mass,while it demonstrated an extremely significant negative correlation with titratable acid.In addition,soluble solids showed significant positive correlations with soluble sugar,vitamin C content,and hardness.Furthermore,optimized nitrogen application resulted in increased shoot length and leaf length,improved fruit firmness,and decreased titratable acid content.Compared to CK treatment,N1,N2,and N3 treatments resulted in a significant increase in shoot length(12.71%~24.18%),leaf length(0.44%~5.3%),and fruit firmness(4.79%~7.5%),while titratable acid decreased by 9.09%~17.68%.Optimized nitrogen application significantly boosted kiwifruit yield by 24.49%~35.67%,with N2 treatment showing the greatest increase,35.67%higher than CK.In conclusion,optimized nitrogen application increases kiwifruit yield,reduced fertilizer waste,and maintained high-quality and stable yields.Among the treatments,NPK with a 20%reduction(N2)has the most significant effect and is suitable for widespread implementation in kiwifruit orchards in Hanzhong area.