关中地区不同耕作方式对冬小麦产量及土壤蓄水保水能力影响

Effects of Different Farming Patterns on Winter Wheat Yield,Soil Water Storage and Water-holding Capacity in Guanzhong Area

2020-2021年在陕西省泾阳县设置3个深松深度和2个深翻深度,研究了不同深度的机械深松、深翻对土壤蓄水保水能力及产量影响。结果表明:深松和深翻处理在一定程度上有利于提高深层土壤的蓄水保水能力,播前深翻30 cm和深松30 cm处理80~200 cm各深度平均土壤含水率较对照分别高1.27%和1.64%,冬前、返青期和收获期3个深松深度和2个深翻深度处理80~200 cm各深度平均土壤含水率较对照提高0.13%~3.98%。在深松3个处理中30 cm深度处理产量最高为8257.5 kg/hm^(2),较CK增产6.0%,处理之间差异极显著;在深翻2个处理中25 cm深度处理产量最高为8017.5 kg/hm^(2),较CK增产3.0%,处理之间差异显著。深松和深翻处理对冬小麦产量的影响与处理深度密切相关,深松以30 cm深度处理,深翻以25 cm深度处理为最佳。

This study investigated the effects of different mechanical subsoiling and deep ploughing depths on soil water storage,water-holding capacity and yield in Jingyang county of Shaanxi Province during 2020 to 2021.Three subsoiling depths and two deep ploughing depths were tested.Results showed both subsoiling and deep ploughing improved the water storage in deep soil.Under subsoiling and deep ploughing at 30 cm before sowing,the average soil water content at 80~200 cm depth was 1.27%and 1.64%higher than that of the control,respectively,compared to the CK.Yield increased significantly with subsoiling and deep ploughying,the best results achieved at depths of 30 cm and 25 cm,respectively,the average soil water content increased by0.13%3.98%compared with the control,under treatments of 80~200 cm depth at 3 subsoiling depths and 2 deep ploughing depths before winter,during turning green and harvest periods.After the three subsoiling treatments,the highest yield at 30 cm deep treatment was 8257.5 kg/hm^(2),6.0%higher than that of the CK,the difference between treatments was extremely significant.After two deep ploughing treatments,the highest yield under 25 cm deep treatment was 8017.5 kg/hm^(2),3.0%higher than that of CK.This study found that the effects of subsoiling and deep ploughing on winter wheat yield are closely related to the treatment depth.