东北人口较少民族传统体育文化发展困境及对策

Inheritance and Protection of Traditional Sports Culture in Minority Nationalities With Small Population in Northeast China

东北地区的赫哲族、鄂伦春族、鄂温克族、俄罗斯族和达斡尔族是五个人口较少民族,它们在人口数量上是“小民族”,但在文化持有上却拥有着独特而神秘的“大文化”。通过田野调查发现:东北人口较少民族的传统体育文化虽然通过非遗保护、体育竞技、节日展演等多种渠道得到一定的保护和传承,但是仍然存在“跨越式”转型的不适应、组织管理不到位、“文化趋同”愈演愈烈、传承人断代等现实困境。在新时代背景下,开发现代竞技体育训练基地、加强政府与社会组织的联动能力、激发文化自觉和增强文化自信、多方合作建立长效培养机制将有助于人口较少民族传统体育文化的传承与发展。

There are mainly Hezhe nationality,Oroqen nationality,Ewenki nationality,Russian nationality and Daur nationality in Northeast China.They are“small nationality”in population,but they have unique and mysterious“big culture”in cultural holding.Through field investigation,it is found that although the traditional sports culture of ethnic minorities with small population in Northeast China has been protected and inherited through intangible cultural heritage protection,sports competition,festival performance and other channels,there are still some practical difficulties,such as“Leaping over”transformation is not suitable,organization and management is not in place,“cultural convergence”is becoming more and more intense,and inheritors are not connected.In this regard,under the background of the new era,it puts forward some targeted suggestions,such as developing modern competitive sports training base,strengthening the linkage ability of government and social organizations,stimulating cultural consciousness,enhancing cultural self-confidence,and establishing long-term training mechanism through multi-party cooperation,so as to provide empirical and theoretical reference for the inheritance and development of traditional sports culture of ethnic minorities with small population.