全球农业合成生物学发展现状及对中国的启示

Development Status of Global Agricultural Synthetic Biology and Its Enlightenment to China

21世纪以来,合成生物学的发展受到世界主要国家高度重视,被置于宏观科技战略的重要地位予以支持,已经形成使能技术、平台工具服务和多样化产品类型的发展格局。在农业科学领域,合成生物学的应用能够促进农作物及畜牧生产、改良农作物及畜禽品质、减少化肥农药施用、降低生产成本以及实现农业可持续发展。目前,农业合成生物学的基础研究主要集中在人工细胞合成、细胞工厂、种质改良、二氧化碳固定、生物固氮和农业环境优化等方面;应用研究主要集中在植物天然产物开发、农作物性状改良、畜禽动物改良、病虫害防控、食品加工、肥料生产、饲料及添加剂制备等方面。鉴于农业合成生物学巨大的应用潜力,建议中国进一步强化顶层设计、加强战略部署,聚焦关键技术、推动自主创新,培育产业主体、拓展应用场景,加强人才队伍建设、优化科技力量,从而推动中国农业合成生物学的快速发展。

Since the 21st century,the development of synthetic biology has been highly valued by major countries in the world and suppoited by an important position in national science and technology strategy.It has fomed a development patern of enabling technologies,platform tool services and diversified prodhuct types.In the field of agricultural science,the application of synthetic biology can promote the production of crops and livestock,improve the quality of crops and livestock,reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides,cut down the production costs and achieve sustainable agricultural development.At present,the basic research of agricultural synthetic biology mainly focused on artificial cell synthesis,cell factory,germplasm improvement,carbon dioxide fixation,biological nitrogen fixation and agricultural environment optimization;applied research mainly focused on the development of natural plant products,improvement of crop traits,improvement of livestock and poultry,prevention and control of diseases and pests,food processing,fertilizer production,preparation of feed and additives.In view of the hugeapplication potential of agricultural synthetic biology,it was suggested that China should strengthentop-level design and strategic deployment,focus on key technologies,promote independent innovation,cultivate indhustrial entities,expand application scenarios,enhance talent team construction,optimizescientific and technological forces,so as to promote the rapid development of agricultural syntheticbiology in China.