论阶层不法评价向整体不法评价之发展

On the Development of Class Illegality Evaluation Towards Overall Illegality Evaluation

贝林在构建客观构成要件理论的基础上,认为不法评价是和构成要件关系不大的“违法性”评价,仅需进行违法性评价,而不需进行构成要件评价,就能得出行为是否具有不法性的结论。自从发现了主观构成要件要素和规范构成要件要素,构成要件就无法再作为一个客观的观念形象而存在;不法评价中,应将构成要件和违法性两者共同作为不法评价的基本要素。由此,要维持“构成要件是不法类型”的基本判断,就必须将构成要件和违法性共置于“整体不法构成要件”之下,使之成为“整体不法构成要件”的两个组成要素;如此,构成要件即不法的正面构成要件要素,违法性即不法的负面构成要件要素。“整体不法构成要件”理论正是在这样的理论背景下发展起来的,整体不法评价理论经历了从负面构成要件要素理论到整体不法构成要件理论的发展历程。

On the basis of constructing the theory of objective constituent elements,Bellin believes that illegal evaluation is a“illegality”evaluation that has little to do with the constituent elements.The conclusion of whether an act is illegal can be drawn only by the illegality evaluation without the constituent elements evaluation.Since the discovery of subjective and normative constituent elements,constituent elements can no longer exist as an objective conceptual image.In illegal evaluation,both the constituent elements and illegality should be considered as the basic elements of illegal evaluation.Therefore,in order to maintain the basic judgment that“the constituent elements are the type of illegality”,it is necessary to put the constituent elements and illegality together under the“overall illegality constituent elements”,making them two constituent elements of the“overall illegality constituent elements”.In this way,the constituent elements are the positive constituent elements of illegality,while illegality is the negative constituent elements of illegality.It is under such theoretical background that the theory of“overall illegal constitutive elements”develops.The overall illegal evaluation theory has experienced a development process from the theory of negative constituent elements to the theory of overall illegal constituent elements.