“自然历史”:阿多诺对自然的重构

“Natural History”:Adorno’s Reconstruction of Nature

启蒙理性遵循同一性逻辑。同一性意味着概念与实在的分离,且概念替代实在并拥有对实在的控制权。其结果,自我保存理性将内外自然彻底剥离,并实现了对自然的全面统治。否定辩证法的根本特征是否定性,其核心即矛盾,矛盾双方具有向对立面转化的潜能。在阿多诺否定辩证法的框架内,自然并非仅指同一性所赋予的外观——历史的维度,同时也具有原始自然的维度。自然是一种矛盾的存在,而且,它总是处于历史对它的否定与抵抗中,在具有反思性的否定中,自然获得了重建与救赎的可能。阿多诺的自然理论对破除自然与历史、主体与客体的对立具有积极的意义,但他对自然的理解具有观念性,且否定辩证法本身有一定的悖论性。

Enlightenment reason follows the logic of identity.Identity means the separation of concept and reality,the replacement of reality by concept and the power to control reality.As a result,the reason of self-preservation completely separated the internal and external nature and realized the total domination of nature.The fundamental feature of negative dialectics is negativity,and the core principle of dialectics is contradiction,and it emphasizes that both sides of contradiction have the potential and power to transform into opposites.In Adorno’s vision of negative dialectics,nature does not only refer to the appearance given by identity-the dimension of history,but also has the dimension of nature,which is a kind of contradictory existence.Moreover,nature is always in the negation and resistance relationship between nature and history.In the reflective negation,nature obtains the possibility of redemption.Adorno’s theory of nature has positive significance in breaking the opposition between nature and history,subject and object,but its nature is conceptual,and its negative dialectics also has certain paradoxes.