数字乡村建设对农民收入的影响——基于收入水平与收入结构的视角

Impact of Digital Village Construction on Farmers’Income:Based on the Perspective of Income Level and Income Structure

基于2011—2020年中国30个省份均衡面板数据,采用面板工具变量法分析数字乡村建设对农民收入水平和收入结构的影响。结果表明:(1)基于收入水平视角,数字乡村建设有效促进农民增收,数字乡村建设水平每增加1个单位,农村居民人均可支配收入增加0.5%。(2)机制分析表明,数字乡村建设通过促进农业服务业发展、农民创业进而实现农民增收。(3)基于收入结构视角,数字乡村建设并未充分发挥拓宽农民收入渠道的作用,其对农民的增收效应仅由提升经营性收入实现,分样本回归表明数字乡村建设对工资性收入的促进作用仅在农民创业活跃度高的地区显著。(4)数字乡村建设的增收效应存在明显的地区差异和城乡差异,数字乡村建设对经济欠发达地区的农村居民增收效应更强,对城镇居民收入影响不明显。据此,建议加强数字乡村建设的顶层设计,地方政府应制定差异化的行动方案,并从鼓励创业及财产流动的角度制定政策以拓宽农民收入渠道。

Based on the balance panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020,the panel instrumental variable method was used to analyze the impact of digital village construction on farmers’income level and structure.The results show that in terms of income level,the construction of digital village can effectively increase farmers’income.For every 1 unit increase in the level of digital village construction,farmers’per capita disposable income increases by 0.5%.Mechanism analysis shows that digital village construction can increase farmers’income by promoting the development of agricultural service industry and therir entrepreneurship.In terms of income structure,digital village construction does not give full play to the role of expanding farmers’income channels,and its income increase effect on farmers is only realized by increasing operating income.Points sample regression shows that the impact of digital rural construction on farmers’salary income is significant only in regions where farmers are actilvely involved in ntrepreneurial activities.The income increasing effect of digital village construction has obvious regional differences and urban-rural differences.The income increasing effect of digital village construction on rural residents in economically underdeveloped areas is stronger,while the impact is not obvious on urban residents’income.Accordingly,it is recommended that the top-level design of digital village construction should be strengthened,local governments should develop differentiated action plans,and policies should be formulated to encourage entrepreneurship and property mobility to fully exploit its role in broadening farmers’income channels.