从感物到性灵:阳明心学与传统诗文观的嬗变

From Sensory to Spiritual:The Evolution of Yangming Mind Theory and Traditional Poetic and Literary Views

“感物说”与“性灵说”作为我国传统诗文创作的两种重要的理论来源,是作家创作的一种审美体验。“感物说”历经了一个以物为先,以物为重到心、物并举的审美体验过程。“性灵说”则在此基础上,强调以心为主,顺应心性的审美创作过程。“性灵说”强调心之主体意识的突出性、重要性与功能性。从“感物说”到“性灵说”的创作审美体验过程中,王阳明致良知的学说对性灵文学观的发展,具有关键的主导性作用。王阳明强调“心”在诗文创作中的关键性作用,他以心学理论指引诗文创作,转变了传统“感物说”的创作理念,使诗文创作沿着“性灵说”的方向发展与演变。王阳明的心学观在明代文学史上产生了极大的影响,也对后世诗文作家的性灵文学书写风格的形成产生深刻的影响。

As two important theoretical sources of traditional Chinese poetry and prose creation,the theory of sensation(TOS1)and the theory of spirituality(TOS2)are aesthetic experience of writers.TOS1 has gone through a process of aesthetic ex‐perience that prioritizes objects,places importance on objects,and both the mind and objects.On this basis,TOS2 emphasizes the process of aesthetic creation that focuses on the heart and conforms to the nature of the mind.Itlays stress on the prominence,im‐portance,and functionality of the subjective consciousness of the heart.In the process of aesthetic experience from TOS1 to TOS2,Wang Yangming’s theory of conscience plays a crucial leading role in the development of the concept of spirituality literature.Wang Yangming emphasized the crucial role of the"mind"in poetry and prose creation.He guided poetry and prose creation with the theory of mind,changed the traditional creative concept of the theory of feeling things,and led poetry and prose creation to de‐velop and evolve along the direction of TOS2.Wang Yangming's philosophy of mind had a great impact on the literary history of the Ming Dynasty,and also had a profound impact on the formation of the spiritual literary writing style of later poetic writers.