外国学生习得复合趋向补语“下来”偏误分析

An Error Analysis of Foreign Students’Acquisition of Compound Directional Complement“下来(xia lai)”

运用定性定量的方法对HSK动态作文语料库、全球汉语中介语语料库中复合趋向补语“下来”的中介语语料进行偏误分析,将偏误句划分为:误加、误代、搭配不当、遗漏、错序五类。研究发现,外国学生复合趋向补语“下来”偏误数由大到小依次是:误代、搭配不当、遗漏、误加、错序;在误代这类偏误中出现“下来”与“起来”“下去”“过来”“出来”等复合趋向补语混用的情况。分析偏误语义类型后发现外国学生对“下来”引申意义掌握欠佳,对引申意义中的结果义需要加强学习。偏误形成的原因:一是复合趋向补语“下来”语义和结构的复杂性,二是母语负迁移,三是目的语负迁移,四是课堂教学讲练不充分。根据以上偏误分析提出教学建议,以期为教学提供参考借鉴。

Using qualitative and quantitative methods,this paper analyzes the errors of the interlanguage corpus of the compound directional complement“下来(xia lai)”in the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the global Chinese interlanguage corpus,and divides the error sentences into five categories:false addition,false substitution,improper collocation,omission,and wrong order.The study found that the number of the errors about compound directional complement“下来”of foreign students from top to bottom are:wrong generation,improper collocation,omission,wrong addition,wrong order;There is mixed usage of Compound Directional Complements between“下来”and“起来(qi lai)”,“下去(xia qu)”,“过来(guo lai)”and“出来(chu lai)”in the first category.After analyzing the semantic types of errors,it is found that foreign students don't have a good grasp of the extended meaning of“下来”,and they need to strengthen their study of the result meaning in the extended meaning.The reasons for the errors are as follows:the complexity of the semantics and structure of the compound directional complement“下来”,the negative transfer of the mother tongue,the negative transfer of the target language and inadequate classroom teaching and practice.Suggestions based on the error analysis are put forward to provide reference for teaching.