从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》探析青年马克思的四重批判思想

An Analysis of Young Marx’s Four-fold Critical Thoughts from the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

通过梳理《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的文本脉络,探析青年马克思的四重批判思想,有助于展现马克思主义丰富的理论内涵。资本—社会批判是马克思哲学理论体系的发轫和奠基;劳动—生活批判立足于劳动的异化,建构其理论体系“生存论”的批判境域;技术—工业批判通过剖析技术与资本融合互动过程中人类社会生活关系的全面展开,构成了青年马克思思想体系的关键环节;自然—生态批判深入揭示社会与自然的矛盾根源,阐明了人类与自然和谐统一的未来图景。这四重批判源自马克思哲学的实践性特质与深刻的问题意识,通过对人的现实生存境遇的批判和对人的未来解放状态的展望,凸显了马克思哲学的人文关怀与价值论主旨。

This paper reveals the four-fold critical thoughts of young Marx in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 to present the multiple dimensions of its early theoretical connotation.Capital-society criticism is the beginning and foundation of Marx’s philosophical theoretical system;labor-life criticism is based on the phenomenon of labor alienation and establishes the critical contexts of“the theory of existence”for its theoretical system;focusing on the integration and interaction between technology and capital,the technology-industrial criticism reveals the full development of the relationship between human society and life,and it constitutes a key link in the ideological system of young Marx;nature-ecological criticism dialectically reveals the root of the contradiction between society and nature,and expounds the future prospect of the harmonious unity of human and nature.This four-fold criticism highlights the practical characteristics and profound problem consciousness of Marx’s philosophy.Through the criticism of the actual living conditions of human kind and the expectation of the future state of liberation,it highlights the humanistic care and dogma of value theory of Marx’s philosophy.