创新与分工推动经济增长的内在机制——兼评Romer和杨小凯的分工模型

The Internal Mechanism of Innovation and Division of Labor to Promote Economic Growth--comments on the division models of Romer and Yang Xiaokai

经济学文献通常分别考察创新和分工在经济增长中的作用,但创新与分工两个概念(特别是杨格逐步发展的产业间分工)之间存在紧密的逻辑联系。本文在分析熊彼特创新与杨格产业间分工概念的逻辑联系基础上,说明罗默在其内生增长模型中按照杨格的思想,较为模糊地把创新与产业间分工联系在一起解释报酬递增。罗默的模型把资本分解为一系列生产耐用品,从而可以用新产品创新导致产业间分工的发展来解释经济增长的微观机制。杨小凯更注重通过数学化斯密的分工概念来解释经济增长,未能充分认识创新和逐步发展的产业间分工对报酬递增的重要作用。这两个模型都陷入用数学模型解释复杂经济机制面临的困境,难以深刻揭示创新与分工推动经济增长的内在机制,而新近发展的新演化经济学能够给出更好的解释。

The economics literature typically examines the roles of innovation and division of labor in economic growth separately,but there is a close logical connection between innovation and division of labor(Young’s progressive division of labor among industries in particular).Based on the analysis of the logical connection between Schumpeter’s innovation and Young’s division of labor among industries,this paper shows that Romer vaguely links innovation and division of labor based on Young’s thought in his endogenous growth model to explain increasing returns.Romer’s model decomposes capital into a series of producer durables,therefore,the microeconomic mechanism for economic growth can be explained by the progressive division of labor among industries caused by new product innovation.Yang Xiaokai paid more attention to explaining economic growth by mathematizing Smith’s concept of division of labor,but failed to fully understand the important role of innovation and progressive division of labor among industries for increasing returns.Both models face the predicament of using mathematical models to explain the complex economic mechanisms,and are unable to thoroughly reveal the internal mechanism of innovation and division of labor in promoting economic growth,whereas the newly developed new evolutionary economics can give a better explanation.