近代中国物流金融业的兴起与发展——以铁路押汇为中心

The Rise and Development of Logistics Finance Industry in Modern China:A Research on Documentary Railway Billing Business

铁路押汇是近代中国新式金融业与铁路运输业合流的产物。清末铁路押汇脱胎于明清时期长途贸易中的押汇,并以铁路转运公司为媒介来运作。北洋政府时期,铁路押汇因新式银行业的改造而升级,并在长三角迅速崛起。但因受制于铁路运输制度的局限及金融发展水平,难以普及至全国。直到南京国民政府时期,铁路押汇渐普及于北方内陆地区。20世纪30年代以来,铁路押汇的发展在促进了北方地区棉业的同时,也因难以消化其所带来了的外部市场风险而遭遇重创。揭示铁路押汇的发展史,既利于展现近代中国物流金融业曲折发展的缩影,又可为当代物流金融业发展提供资鉴。

Documentary Railway Billing Business is the product of the confluence of modern finance industry and railway transportation industry in modern China.Documentary Railway Billing Business in the late Qing Dynasty originated from the documentary in long-distance trade in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and was operated by the railway transfer company.During the Beiyang Government period,the Documentary Railway Billing Business upgraded with the development of the new style banking industry,and rose rapidly in the Yangtze River Delta.However,due to the restriction of the railway transportation system and the limited financial development,it was hard for Documentary Railway Billing Business to spread to the whole country then.Documentary Railway Billing Business finally spread to the North China inland areas in the Nanjing National Government period.Since the 1930s,the development of Documentary Railway Billing Business has promoted the cotton industry in northern China,but it was hit hard later due to its inability to digest the external market risks along with it.Revealing the history of railway escort development is not only conducive to show the history of the twists and turns in the development of logistics finance industry in modern China,but also can provide lessons for the development of logistics finance industry in contemporary times.