食源性致病菌检测技术的发展及研究现状

Development and present situation of detection techniques for foodborne pathogens

食源性疾病对人类健康产生越来越大的威胁,且因为抗菌类药物的广泛使用,食源性致病菌出现多重耐药现象。作为预防与控制食源性致病菌的关键环节,食源性致病菌快速检测技术的开发尤为重要。传统检测技术包括微生物培养法、免疫学检测技术和分子检测技术,存在周期长、对检测人员和检测环境要求高等不足,如何将不同检测技术的优点集于一体而规避相应的缺点是突破方向。随着生物科技的发展,新型检测技术逐渐兴起,如基于光学、电化学的生物传感技术或多种技术结合的新应用等。本文综述了常见食源性致病菌的生理特性及相应感染疾病,讨论了传统检测方法优缺点,并详细介绍了新型生物传感器检测技术的发展及现状,以期为开发更加便捷、准确、灵敏的食源性致病菌现场检测技术提供参考。

Foodborne diseases become more and more threatening to human health.Meanwhile,foodborne pathogens usually obtain multiple drug resistance due to the widespread use of antibacterial drugs.As a key component for the prevention and control of foodborne pathogens,rapid detection proves to be particularly important.Traditional detection techniques including microbial culture method,molecular detection technology and immunological detection technology,usually suffer from either long detection cycles or high requirements for detection environment.At present,several new detection technologies are emerging,such as biosensing technology based on optics,electrochemistry,as well as new applications with combination of multiple technologies.In this review we summarized the physiological characteristics of common foodborne pathogenic bacteria and their corresponding infectious diseases,and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of traditional detection methods.Furthermore,the development with combination of new biosensor detection technology was presented in detail,which could be beneficial to the exploration of more convenient,accurate and sensitive on-site detection methods for foodborne pathogens.