加计扣除、归类变更与制造业企业研发投入比重实证研究

On the Relationships Between Addition and Deduction,Classification and Changes and the Proportion of R&D Investment in Manufacturing Enterprises

基于2011~2021年A股上市公司制造业企业数据,以归类变更为中介变量,实证检验加计扣除税收优惠政策对企业研发投入比重的影响。加计扣除比例越高,企业研发投入占总投入的比重越大;归类变更对研发投入的影响发挥部分中介作用。加计扣除政策对归类变更管理手段具有异质性,相较非国有企业,国有企业加计扣除的中介作用更为显著。政府应细化企业研发费用的归类类别,建立健全税务申报管理体系;企业应提高审计部门的内控监管力度,从而加强统筹治理,提高专业服务水平。

Based on the manufacturing enterprise data of A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021,taking the classification change as the intermediary variable,this paper empirically tests the impact of deducting tax preferential policies on the proportion of R&D investment.The study found that:the higher the proportion of addition and deduction policy implementation,the greater the proportion of enterprise R&D investment in the total enterprise investment and the change of classification plays an intermediary role in the impact of addition and deduction on R&D investment.Furthermore,the results show that the policy of addition and deduction is heterogeneous to the means of classification and change management and the intermediary effect of addition and deduction in state-owned manufacturing enterprises is more significant compared with that in non-state-owned enterprises.The study proposes that the classification of enterprise R&D expenses should be refined to establish a sound management system of tax declaration,to improve the supervision of internal control and audit departments in the whole process,and thus strengthen overall governance to improve the level of professional services.