行政处罚决定公开的规范结构及展开

The Normative Structure and Discussion on Disclosure of Administrative Penalty Decision

现行法制中有关“行政处罚决定公开”的规范是一个体系性的存在,其实际上蕴含着一个授权公开与限制公开的双向规范结构。行政处罚决定公开规范的目的应当以监督规范行政处罚权为主、风险提示或者守法教育为辅,但不应当包括声誉制裁。借助一定的限制性条件,行政处罚决定公开规范能够通过合宪性审查。同时,应当区分“回应型公开”和“引导型公开”来认定行政处罚决定是否“具有一定社会影响”。“依法公开”中的“依法”实质上是对行政处罚决定公开的规范和限制;“公开”是指行政处罚主体主动公开行政处罚决定,但不排除社会公众在行政处罚主体未主动公开的情况下申请公开。

The norm for the disclosure of administrative penalty decisions is the product of the indepth integration of the government information disclosure system and the administrative law enforcement publicity system􀆰The current legal system regarding the“disclosure of administrative penalty decisions”is systematic,and it actually contains a two-way system of both authorizing and restricting disclosure􀆰The main purpose of the public regulation of administrative punishment decisions should be to supervise and regulate the power of administrative punishment,and its secondary purpose should be risk warning or law-abiding education,but reputational sanctions should not be included􀆰With the help of certain restrictive conditions,the public norms of administrative punishment decisions can pass the constitutional review􀆰At the same time,“responsive disclosure”and“guiding disclosure”should be distinguished to determine whether the administrative penalty decision“has a certain social impact”􀆰In“disclosure in accordance with the law”,“in accordance with the law”is essentially the norm and restriction on the disclosure of administrative punishment decisions,“disclosure”means that the subject of administrative punishment voluntarily discloses administrative penalty decisions,but it does not exclude the situation where the public apply for the disclosure because its subject does not actively do it。