行政机关采集人脸信息活动的法治因应

Rule of Law Response to Face Information Collection Activities of Administrative Agencies

人脸识别技术以技术优势助推治理效能的提升,因而得到广泛运用。行政机关运用人脸识别技术的第一步是采集人脸信息环节,包括采集探针照片和运用算法编译数字脸谱两个方面。实践中采集的主体纵横多元、目的不断扩张、程序压缩简化,已然形成多重行政法治悖论,造成工具理性和价值理性的失衡。既有的法律依据聚焦规范人脸信息的应用阶段,而忽略了采集阶段权力延伸、权益侵犯及算法缺陷等问题。故而应以最小必要原则为整体牵引,确立授权依据以限制采集目的、动态适用知情同意规则以保障相对人数字权益、改进行政程序规则以落实相对人数字参与权,同时构建相匹配的责任和救济机制,以实现采集活动的规范化。

Face recognition technology is widely used because it helps to improve the effectiveness of governance with its technical advantages.The first step of administrative organs'using face recognition technology is the link of face information collection,including two aspects:collecting probe photos and applying algorithms to compile digital face profiles.In practice,the subjects of collection are diversified,the purpose is expanding,and the procedure is compressed and simplified,which have created multiple administrative rule of law paradoxes and caused the imbalance between instrumental rationality and value rationality.The established legal basis focuses on the use stage,while ignoring the problems of power extension,rights and interests infringement and algorithm defects existing during the collection stage.Therefore,the principle of minimum necessity should be used as the overall traction to establish the authorization basis to limit the purpose of collection,dynamically apply the rules of informed consent to protect the digital rights and interests of the relative,and improve the rules of administrative procedures to implement the relatives'right to digital participation,while constructing matching responsibility and relief mechanisms to realize the standardization of collection activities.