隔离与清洁:《迪尔布鲁克》与维多利亚早期共同体的医学重塑

Quarantine and Cleaning:Deerbrook and the Medical Reconstruction of Community in the Early Victorian Age

《迪尔布鲁克》作为哈里特·马蒂诺在虚构领域的一次大胆尝试,揭示了医学在维多利亚早期共同体中的重要地位。前人研究或聚焦于医生的道德品质在维护共同体秩序中的作用,或关注医学话语对病人个体的规训,却很少对医学与共同体之间的关系展开研究。文章以共同体的健康为线索,首先阐明医生及其医学话语对塑造维多利亚早期社会健康的重要作用及马蒂诺在小说中对相关医学话题的指涉,进而分析小说中精神和身体两个层面上的瘟疫场景,阐释霍普医生在不同瘟疫中采取的不同医学手段——隔离与清洁,从而揭示他对社区共同体的医学重构及他在共同体中的中心地位。

As a daring endeavor taken by Harriet Martineau in the fiction realm,Deerbrook reveals the important role of medicine within community in the early Victorian age.Previous studies have focused either on the moral character of the doctor and its function in maintaining the order of the community,or the medical discourse and its discipline's impact on individual patients.Few,nonetheless,have been interested in the relationship between medicine and community.Focusing on the health of the community,this paper first attempts to illustrate the significance of the doctor and his medical discourse in shaping social health in the early Victorian age,meanwhile presenting Martineau's reference to related medical themes in Deerbrook.Then by analyzing the two plague scenes on spiritual and physical levels and demonstrating the different methods Mr.Hope adopts to tackle the plagues,i.e.,quarantine and cleaning,thus revealing his medical reconstruction of the community and his leading role within the community.