2020年中国1-9岁儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种率及其影响因素调查

Polio vaccine coverage and factors influencing coverage among 1-9-year-old children in China:a cross-sectional survey in 2020

目的分析中国1-9岁儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗(Poliomyelitis vaccine,PV)接种率及其影响因素。方法基于2020年中国病毒性肝炎血清学调查,随机抽取全国120个疾病监测县278个村1-9岁儿童PV接种信息,分析PV接种率及其影响因素。结果在16182名1-9岁儿童中,第3剂PV(PV_(3))、12月龄内PV3接种率分别为97.87%、92.60%;在7408名5-9岁儿童中,第4剂PV(PV_(4))、5岁内PV4接种率分别为92.51%、84.89%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,12月龄内PV_(3)接种率呈中部和西部地区儿童低于东部地区儿童[OR(95%CI):0.55(0.46-0.66)、0.49(0.42-0.58)]、东北地区儿童高于东部地区儿童[OR(95%CI):2.09(1.42-3.06)]、农村地区儿童低于城市地区儿童[OR(95%CI):0.80(0.71-0.91)]、随着儿童年龄增长而下降[OR(95%CI):0.84(0.73-0.97)];5岁内PV4接种率呈中部和西部地区儿童低于东部地区儿童[OR(95%CI):0.43(0.36-0.51)、0.62(0.52-0.73)]、农村地区儿童低于城市地区儿童[OR(95%CI):0.84(0.73-0.96)]、随着儿童年龄增长而下降[OR(95%CI):0.90(0.86-0.95)]。结论中国1-9岁儿童PV接种率处于高水平;需加强薄弱地区适龄儿童按免疫程序时限完成PV接种。

Objective To explore polio vaccine(PV)coverage of children 1-9 years of age and factors influencing coverage in China.Methods Based on the serological survey of viral hepatitis in China in 2020,we randomly selected 1-9-year-olds from 278 villages in 120 sentinel counties of disease monitoring sites and collected polio vaccination histories.We explored coverage levels of PV and factors influencing coverage.Results Among 16182 children aged 1-9 years,coverage levels of PV_(3)and PV_(3)completed within 12 months of age were 97.87%and 92.60%,respectively.Among 7408 children aged 5-9 years,coverage levels of PV_(4) and PV_(4) completed within 5 years of age were 92.51%and 84.89%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that coverage levels of PV,completed within 12 months of age were lower in central and western regions compared with the eastern region[OR(95%CI):0.55(0.46-0.66)and 0.49(0.42-0.58)],higher in the northeast than the eastern region[0R(95%CI):2.09(1.42-3.06)],lower in the rural area than the urban area[0R(95%CI):0.80(0.71-0.91)],and lower with increasing age[OR(95%CI):0.84(0.73-0.97)];coverage levels of PV_(4) completed within 5 years of age were lower in central and western regions than in the eastern region[0R(95%CI):0.43(0.36-0.51)、0.62(0.52-0.73)],lower in the rural area than the urban area[OR(95%CI):0.84(0.73-0.96)],and lower with increasing age[OR(95%CI):0.90(0.86-0.95)].Conclusions Polio vaccine coverage was maintained at a high level,but timely coverage of PV was low among children 1-9 years of age in China.We suggest strengthening timely polio vaccination for age-eligible children in vulnerable areas.