Autoantibodies targeting to GPER1 promote monocyte cytokines production and inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus

Dear Editor,Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),one of the most common autoimmune diseases in reproductive females,is a multifactorial disease involving genetic,environmental,and hormonal factors.1 It occurs at a 9:1 female-to-male ratio,and the sex predisposition suggests that the estrogen system plays an essential role in the developing of SLE.The effects of estrogen have traditionally been attributed to the classical nuclear estrogen receptors(ERs),ERα,and ERβ,which predominantly regulate transcription.Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1(GPER1)is a transmembrane receptor for estrogen that mediates several rapid cellular effects of estrogen.2 Large amounts of autoantibodies characterize SLE,and anti-estrogen receptor autoantibodies are likely to affect the function of immune cells in SLE but are not yet fully understood.