Erianin suppresses constitutive activation of MAPK signaling pathway by inhibition of CRAF and MEK1/2

Constitutive activation of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway(MAPK pathway)frequently occurs in many cancers harboring RAS or RAF oncogenic mutations.Because of the paradoxical activation induced by a single use of BRAF or MEK inhibitors,dual-target RAF and MEK treatment is thought to be a promising strategy.In this work,we evaluated erianin is a novel inhibitor of CRAF and MEK1/2 kinases,thus suppressing constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling pathway induced by BRAF V600E or RAS mutations.KinaseProfiler enzyme profiling,surface plasmon resonance(SPR),isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC),cellular thermal shift assay,computational docking,and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to screen and identify erianin binding to CRAF and MEK1/2.Kinase assay,luminescent ADP detection assay,and enzyme kinetics assay were investigated to identify the efficiency of erianin in CRAF and MEK1/2 kinase activity.Notably,erianin suppressed BRAF V600E or RAS mutant melanoma and colorectal cancer cell by inhibiting MEK1/2 and CRAF but not BRAF kinase activity.Moreover,erianin attenuated melanoma and colorectal cancer in vivo.Overall,we provide a promising leading compound for BRAF V600E or RAS mutant melanoma and colorectal cancer through dual targeting of CRAF and MEK1/2.