不同喂养方式对早产儿肠道微生态发育的影响

Effects of different feeding methods on intestinal microecological development in preterm infants

目的 探讨配方奶和母乳喂养对早产儿肠道微生态发育的影响。方法 选择都江堰医疗中心新生儿重症监护病房收治的60名早产儿为研究对象。所有早产儿都优先进行母乳喂养,在没有母乳喂养的情况下使用配方奶粉。根据口服母乳的比例,50%以上为母乳组(BM组),其余为配方奶组(FM组)。分别于第0、7、14、21、28天采集早产儿粪便标本,提取并检测粪便短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)水平并进行气相色谱分析,检测肠道微生物群丰度。结果 BM喂养增加了早产儿肠道菌群的α多样性,而FM喂养增加了早产儿肠道中SCFAs的含量。生长环境对早产儿肠道微生态的β多样性、基因组功能及肠道微生态的进化有重要影响。结论 喂养方式对早产儿粪便中单链脂肪酸的含量、肠道微生物区系的α多样性和功能有显著影响。母乳喂养有助于促进早产儿肠道微生物区系中α多样性的增加及能量和营养的代谢功能。

Objective To investigate the effect of formula and breast feeding on intestinal microecological development of premature infants.Methods 60 premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit of Dujiangyan Medical Center were selected as the study object.All premature infants are breastfed in priority and formula is used without breastfeeding.According to the proportion of oral breast milk,more than 50%of the milk group(BM group)and the rest were formula group(FM group).Fecal samples of preterm infants were collected on the day 0,7,14,21 and 28 respectively.The fecal short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were extracted and detected,and the intestinal microbial abundance was detected by gas chromatography.Results BM feeding increased intestinal flora in preterm infantsαdiversity,while FM feeding increased the content of SCFAs in the intestine of premature infants.The growth environment of premature infants'intestinal microecologyβdiversity,genomic function and evolution of intestinal microecology have important effects.Conclusion The feeding method can be used to determine the content of single chain fatty acids in feces and the microflora of intestine aαdiversity and function have significant effects.Breastfeeding can promote the increase ofα-diversity and energy and nutrition metabolism in intestinal microbiota of preterm infants.