桦木属植物三萜类化合物研究进展

Research progress on triterpenoids of Betula plants

植物次生代谢产物是天然药物的重要来源。桦木属植物具有丰富的药用价值,药理作用机制复杂,这与其中的三萜类化合物具有密不可分的关系。桦木属植物三萜类化合物主要分为达玛烷型、奥克梯隆型、齐墩果烷型、羽扇豆烷型和环阿屯烷型;桦木属植物提取物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌等多种活性;桦木属植物三萜类化合物的生物合成途径自2,3-氧化鲨烯之后根据环氧角鲨烯环化酶的不同分为达玛烯二醇Ⅱ、羽扇豆醇、环阿屯醇和香树酯四个分支。本文对桦木属植物三萜类化学成分、药理活性和生物合成途径解析三个方面进行了综述,以期为利用桦木属植物三萜类化合物进行新药研发及利用合成生物学方法在微生物细胞工厂中生产这类化合物提供参考。

The secondary metabolites of plants are important sources of natural drugs.Betula plants have abundant pharmacological value,complex mechanism and wide applications,which are closely related to the triterpenoids of theirs.Triterpenoids in Betula species are mainly divided into dammarane-type,ocotillol-type,oleanane-type,lupane-type and cycloaltunane-type.The extracts of Betula species have varieties of activities such as anti-tumor,antiinflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-bacterial,etc.And the biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids after 2,3-oxidosqualene are split into four branches of dammarenediol-II,lupeol,cycloartenol and amyrin according to the different oxidosqualene cyclases.This review summarizes the chemical constituents,pharmacological activities and biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids in Betula plants.It provides a reference for the research and development of new drugs and the production of these triterpenoids in microbial cell factories by synthetic biology methods.