国家治理与中国哲学的起源

State Governance and the Origin of Chinese Philosophy

“惟天为大,惟尧则之”表达了孔子关于国家治理的基本原理:遵奉天道。这一论断的义涵既是政治的,也是哲学的,更是宗教的。孔子关于天道的论述,最为经典的当数“天何言哉?四时行焉,百物生焉,天何言哉?”相当多的哲学家同意“哲学出自宗教”之说。在古代中国,宗教与国家是一个存在体,因而“出自宗教”即“源于国家治理”。从“国家与宗教一体=国家即宗教、宗教即国家”的演绎,国家起源当从宗教演变中判定。天道论是国家治理的核心理论,中国哲学从天道论展开。

"It is only Heaven that is great,and only Yao corresponded to it."This famous saying demonstrates the way of state governance Confucius followed,ie.abiding by Way of Heaven.This argument conveys at least three connotations:political,philosophical and even religious.Among all comments Confucius made about the Way of Heaven,one of the most classical one is,"Does Heaven say anything?The four seasons run their course and all things are produced.Does Heaven say anything?"Many philosophers believe that"Philosophy comes from religion".Since in ancient China,religion and state were one entity,"coming from religion"was equivalent to"originating from state governance".From the deduction that"state and religion were one"equals to"state was religion and religion was state",we could trace the origin of state through the evolution of religion.Therefore,the thesis of"the Way of Heaven"could also be regarded as the key theory of state governance.Hence,Chinese philosophy originated from the thesis of the Way of Heaven.