压疮风险预警护理模式在预防重症脑梗死住院患者压疮中的应用研究

Study on the Application of Pressure Ulcer Risk Warning Care Model in Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Inpatients with Severe Cerebral Infarction

目的:探讨在重症脑梗死患者住院期间开展压疮风险预警护理模式对预防压疮的有效性,为降低压疮发生率提供参考依据。方法:选取2020年1月—2021年3月九江市第一人民医院收治的60例重症脑梗死患者作为研究对象,根据入院时间差异分为对照组和观察组,每组各30例。对照组采用常规压疮预防护理,观察组在常规压疮预防护理基础上实施压疮风险预警护理。比较两组患者的压疮发生情况、家属压疮防护知识掌握评分及满意度情况。结果:观察组压疮总发生率为3.33%,明显低于对照组的40.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.882,P<0.05)。护理前,两组患者家属的压疮因素、预防方法、营养支持、护理信念4个维度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.070、0.566、0.115、0.196,P>0.05);护理后,两组患者家属的压疮因素、预防方法、营养支持、护理信念4个维度评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.454、7.547、5.959、7.440,P<0.05)。观察组家属护理满意度为100.00%,明显高于对照组的76.67%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.822,P<0.05)。结论:压疮风险预警护理可有效降低重症脑梗死患者的压疮发生率,提升患者家属压疮护理认知,提高患者家属护理满意度。

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of a pressure ulcer risk warning care model for pressure ulcer prevention during hospitalization of patients with severe cerebral infarction.Methods:60 patients with severe cerebral infarction admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the study subjects,and they were divided into control and observation groups according to the difference in admission time,with 30 cases in each group.The control group used conventional pressure sore prevention care,and the observation group implemented pressure sore risk warning care on the basis of conventional pressure sore prevention care.The occurrence of pressure ulcers,family members’pressure ulcer protection knowledge mastery scores and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The total incidence of pressure ulcers in the observation group was 3.33%,which was significantly lower than 40.00%in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.882,P<0.05).Before care,there was no statistically significant difference in the four dimensional scores of pressure ulcer factors,prevention methods,nutritional support,and beliefs about care between the two groups of patients’families(t=0.070,0.566,0.115,0.196,P>0.05).After care,the four dimensions of pressure ulcer factors,prevention methods,nutritional support,and belief in care scores of the families of patients in both groups were higher than those before care,and the observation group was higher than the control group,with statistically significant differences(t=6.454,7.547,5.959,7.440,P<0.05).The family care satisfaction of the observation group was 100.00%,which was significantly higher than 76.67%of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=5.822,P<0.05).Conclusion:Pressure ulcer risk warning care can effectively reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with severe cerebral infarction,improve the perception of pressure ulcer care among patients’families,and increase their satisfaction with care.