中药活性成分生物合成途径解析研究方法进展

Advances in research methods for biosynthetic pathway analysis of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

中药活性成分是中药发挥药效的物质基础,是道地药材形成的关键,研究中药活性成分的生物合成及其调控机制对解析道地药材形成机制具有重要意义,同时能够为利用合成生物学生产中药活性成分提供元件。随着组学技术、分子生物学技术、合成生物学技术、人工智能等的发展,中药活性成分生物合成途径的解析也进入了高速推进的阶段,新方法新技术的应用,推动对中药活性成分合成途径的解析,也使这一方向成为分子生药学研究热点。目前,研究人员已经在人参、丹参、甘草、雷公藤等多种中药的活性成分生物合成途径解析研究中取得成果。该文系统梳理当前常用的中药活性成分生物合成功能基因研究方法,重点阐述了以多组学技术为基础的基因元件挖掘,以及以候选基因为对象的植物体内外基因功能验证;并对近年来涌现的新技术新方法,如高通量筛选,分子探针,全基因组关联性分析,无细胞体系,计算机模拟筛选等进行总结,通过该文的综述为中药活性成分生物合成途径解析提供参考。

The active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)are the foundation for the efficiency of TCM and the key to the formation of Dao-di herbs.It is of great significance to study the biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms of these active ingredients for analyzing the formation mechanism of Daodi herbs and providing components for the production of active ingredients in TCM by synthetic biology.With the advancements in omics technology,molecular biology,synthetic biology,artificial intelligence,etc.,the analysis of biosynthetic pathways for active ingredients in TCM is rapidly progressing.New methods and technologies have promoted the analysis of the synthetic pathways of active ingredients in TCM and have also made this area a hot topic in molecular pharmacognosy.Many researchers have made significant progress in analyzing the biosynthetic pathways of active ingredients in TCM such as Panax ginseng,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,and Tripterygium wilfordii.This paper systematically reviewed current research methods for analyzing the biosynthetic functional genes of active ingredients in TCM,elaborated the mining of gene elements based on multiomics technology and the verification of gene functions in plants in vitro and in vivo with candidate genes as objects.Additionally,the paper summarized new technologies and methods that have emerged in recent years,such as high-throughput screening,molecular probes,genome-wide association studies,cell-free systems,and computer simulation screening to provide a comprehensive reference for the analysis of the biosynthetic pathways of active ingredients in TCM.