凤丹牡丹花粉和花药壁营养成分分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components in Pollen and Anther Wall of Tree Peony(Paeonia ostii Fengdan)

为探明凤丹牡丹花粉、花药壁的营养成分,从而更好地发挥其营养价值,本研究采用凯氏定氮法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、高效液相色谱、氨基酸分析仪等对凤丹花粉和花药壁蛋白质、矿物质元素、维生素C、水解氨基酸及游离氨基酸进行了系统地分析和评价。结果表明,凤丹花粉中蛋白质含量高达40.68%(初开期),水解氨基酸总量为355.65 mg·g^(-1)(初开期),花药壁中蛋白质和水解氨基酸的总量虽仅为花粉的一半,但二者必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值均为40%左右,属优质蛋白来源。36种游离氨基酸检测结果显示,花药壁中总游离氨基酸含量稍高,但花粉中必需氨基酸、蛋白氨基酸及鲜甜氨基酸含量更高。矿物质元素分析结果表明,凤丹花粉、花药壁含有丰富的常量和微量元素,尤以K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn等元素含量较高,是开发高钾低钠和补铁补锌的佳品。Vc测定结果显示,凤丹花粉和花药壁中Vc含量较高,可作为Vc补充剂。同时考察了凤丹花粉、花药壁不同采收时期及破壁对检测成分含量的影响,结果显示二者更适合在初开期采收,且破壁对花粉、花药壁营养成分检测无显著影响。综上,凤丹花粉、花药壁含有丰富的营养成分,本研究将为其资源开发和利用奠定基础。

To explore the nutritional components of pollen and anther wall of Paeonia ostii Fengdan and maximize its nutritional value,their contents of protein,mineral elements,vitamin C,hydrolyzed amino acids and free amino acids were systematically analyzed and evaluated by the Kjeldahl method,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES),high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and amino acids analyzer.The results indicated that the protein content of Fengdan pollen(stage of S3)reached as high as 40.68%,and the total amount of hydrolyzed amino acids was 355.65 mg·g^(-1).Although the total amount of protein and hydrolyzed amino acid in anther wall was only half of pollen,the ratios of essential amino acids to total amino acids(EAA/TAA)in pollen and anther wall were both about 40%,indicating that they were sources of high-quality protein.The detection result of 36 free amino acids showed that the content of total free amino acids in anther wall was slightly higher than that in pollen,while the contents of essential amino acids,protein amino acids,umami and sweet amino acids in pollen were higher.Based on the analysis of mineral elements,both pollen and anther wall of Fengdan were rich in major and trace elements,especially K,Mg,Ca,Fe and Zn,indicating that they are good product for developing high K,low Na,Zn and Fe supplements.The determination result of vitamin C showed that pollen and anther wall of Fengdan contained high content of vitamin C and could be consumed as vitamin C supplements.Meanwhile,we investigated the effects of different harvest periods and wall breaking on the nutrient content of pollen and anther wall of Fengdan.The result showed that the best harvest time was the period of early opening,and wall breaking had no significant effect on the content of nutrients in pollen and anther wall.In conclusion,pollen and anther wall of Fengdan are rich in nutrients.This study will provide basis for the development and utilization of its resources.