稻茬烤烟中部6片烟叶一次性采收的成熟度综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Harvest Maturity at One Time of 6 Middle Tobacco Leaves Planting in Tobacco-rice Rotation Field

为明确稻茬烤烟中部6片烟叶一次性采收的适宜成熟度,以云烟87为材料,设计低成熟度(M1)、中等成熟度(M2)、高成熟度(M3)3个处理,在湖南桂阳烟区开展中部烟叶的不同成熟度采烤试验,并对试验结果进行了模糊综合评价。结果表明,随着中部烟叶采收成熟度的提高,鲜烟叶的叶绿素相对(SPAD)值下降;微带青烟叶比例下降,杂色烟叶比例增加;烟叶成熟度提高,结构疏松;烟叶单叶重下降;烟叶总糖、还原糖、淀粉含量下降,烟碱、钾和绿原酸含量增加,化学成分可用性提高;烟叶产量和产值下降。M2处理的外观质量指数较M1、M3分别高12.12%、0.73%,化学成分可用性指数分别高11.74%、-0.70%,评吸质量分别高0.53%、5.42%,经济性状指数分别高2.62%、12.54%,烟叶质量指数分别高3.46%、3.16%,综合效果指数分别高2.78%、7.57%。湖南桂阳烟区云烟87中部烟叶一次性采收适宜成熟度要求叶面变黄20%~70%,主脉变白1/3~全白,支脉变白1/4~全白;SPAD值在22.43~29.69范围内时,可作为指导稻茬烤烟中部烟叶适宜采收成熟度的参考指标。稻茬烤烟中部烟叶一次性适熟采收可提质增效。

In order to clarify the suitable maturity for one-time plucking of six middle flue-cured tobacco leaves of paddy-tobacco,Yunyan 87 was used as material,and three treatments of low maturity(M1),medium maturity(M2)and high maturity(M3)were designed to carry out the harvesting and curing experiments of different maturity of middle tobacco leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan,and the fuzzy evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the test results.The results showed that the SPAD value of fresh tobacco and proportion of greenish tobacco leaves decreased,and the proportion of variegated tobacco increased;tobacco maturity was improved,and leaf structure was loosened;the single leaf weight of tobacco decreased;the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and starch decreased,the contents of nicotine,potassium and chlorogenic acid increased,and the availability of chemical components increased;tobacco yield and output value decreased,as the harvest maturity of middle tobacco leaves increased.Compared with M1 and M3,the index of appearance quality of M2 treatment was 12.12%and 0.73%higher;the availability index of chemical components was 11.74%and-0.70%higher;total score of smoking quality was 0.53%and 5.42%higher;the economic properties index was 2.62%and 12.54%higher;index of tobacco quality was 3.46%and 3.16%higher;and the comprehensive economic effect index was 2.78%and 7.57%higher.The suitable harvest maturity of Yunyan 87 at one-time plucking of six middle flue-cured tobacco leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan requires 20%~70%yellowing of blade face,1/3 white to full white of tobacco midrib and 1/4 white to full white of branch vein.When the SPAD value of fresh tobacco was 22.43~29.69,it provided a reference for guiding the appropriate harvest maturity of middle tobacco leaves of paddy-tobacco of Yunyan 87.The middle tobacco leaves of paddy-tobacco can be harvested at one time to improve quality and benefit.