花期及提取方法对重瓣栀子花成分及活性影响

Effects of Flowering Period and Extraction Methods on the Ingredients and Activity of Gardenia Flower

为提高栀子花资源的利用率,本研究首先分析了花蕾期、盛开期和衰败期3个花期重瓣栀子花的营养活性成分及抗氧化活性。在此基础上,以盛开期重瓣栀子花为原料,比较了不同溶剂(石油醚、乙醇、水)和水蒸气蒸馏4种不同提取物的活性成分含量,抗氧化、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性及抑菌活性的差异。结果表明,不同花期重瓣栀子花总脂肪、总糖和蛋白质含量差异较小,总酚、总黄酮、总环烯醚萜含量及抗氧化活性则表现为盛开期显著高于其他花期。重瓣栀子花乙醇提取物的总酚(6.32%)、总黄酮(8.40%)、总环烯醚萜(19.80%)含量,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH,IC_(50)=98.50μg·mL^(-1))、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS,IC_(50)=65.79μg·mL^(-1))自由基清除能力及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性(IC_(50)=275.48μg·mL^(-1))的能力均显著高于其他提取物。在抑菌效果上,水蒸气蒸馏物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酵母菌的抑制效果均强于其他提取物。综上,盛开期重瓣栀子花活性成分含量较高,其乙醇提取物有较强的抗氧化活性,水蒸气蒸馏物抑菌效果最佳。本研究为重瓣栀子花作为潜在的抗氧化功能性食品及天然抑菌剂的开发和利用提供了理论依据。

To improve the utilization of gardenia flower resources,the nutrition,active ingredient content and antioxidant capacity of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var.fortuniana(Lindl.)Hara.at three flowering stages:bud,bloom and decay were compared and analyzed.Gardenia flower in full bloom are used as raw materials,the content of active ingredients and the differences in antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antibacterial ability in four extracts of different solvents(petroleum ether,ethanol,water)and steam distillation were compared.The results showed that the contents of total fat,total sugar and protein of gardenia flower in different florescence had little difference,while the contents of total phenols,total flavonoids,total iridoids and antioxidant capacity in blooming period were significantly higher than other florescence periods(P<0.05).The total phenols(6.32%),total flavonoids(8.40%),total iridoids(19.80%)and the free radical scavenging capacity DPPH(IC_(50)=98.50μg·mL^(-1)),ABTS(IC_(50)=65.79μg·mL^(-1)),and the inhibition capacity ofα-glucosidase activity(IC_(50)=275.48μg·mL^(-1))of gardenia extract with ethanol extraction are the best among all extractives.In terms of bacteriostatic effect,inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli(11.37 mm),Bacillus subtilis(10.33 mm)and Yeast(9.83 mm)under steam distillation method are second to none.To sum up,gardenia flowers at the blooming stage contains higher amounts of nutrients and active ingredients.The ethanol extract has good antioxidant activities,and the steam distillate has the best antibacterial effect,which provides data support for the development and employment of gardenia as a potential antioxidative food and natural bacteriostatic agent.