延津县强筋品种和非强筋品种小麦质量和生产效益定量比较研究

Quantitative Comparison on Quality and Benefit of Strong-Gluten Variety Wheat and Non-Strong-Gluten Variety Wheat in Yanjin County of Henan Province

为结合质量定量比较分析强筋和非强筋两类小麦品种的生产效益,以延津县强筋和非强筋两类小麦品种为研究对象,于2019—2021年实地收集257份生产成本调查数据,采用分布、配对分析等方法,研究两类小麦生产成本,综合分析其生产效益。结果表明,2019—2021年强筋品种小麦籽粒蛋白含量、稳定时间极显著高于非强筋品种0.8个百分点和11.7 min(P<0.01);优质强筋小麦达标率分别为30.77%和4.30%。2021年,延津县强筋品种小麦每亩种子成本显著高于非强筋品种14元,成本项汇总后两者总成本无显著差异。强筋品种小麦亩产显著低于非强筋品种25 kg,但每千克售价显著高于非强筋品种0.28元,亩产销售收入显著高于非强筋品种94元。当强筋品种小麦的优质强筋小麦达标率高于非强筋品种1个百分点时,每千克强筋品种小麦价格约高出非强筋品种0.011元;当强筋品种小麦每亩收益高于非强筋品种约3元时,强筋品种小麦的种植面积占比将增加1个百分点。本研究结果为制订提高强筋小麦品种产量及农户种植积极性的政策措施提供了理论依据。

Benefit of strong-gluten variety wheat and non-strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County of Henan province is compared and analyzed with their quality in quantitative terms,so as to provide reference for setting policies to enhance farmers’planting initiative and the yield of strong-gluten variety wheat.257 copies of production cost of strong-gluten variety wheat and non-strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County were collected,which were processed through distribution and pair analysis.Besides,the wheat samples of Yanjin County harvested in summer of 2019—2021 were collected,whose quality was measured and evaluated,so as to run a comprehensive analysis on the benefit of strong-gluten variety wheat and non-stronggluten variety wheat in Yanjin County.During 2019—2021,the protein content and stability time of stronggluten variety wheat were remarkably higher than those of non-strong-gluten variety wheat by 0.8 percentage point and 11.7 min,respectively(P<0.01).The standard-reaching percent of high-quality strong-gluten wheat were 30.77%and 4.30%,respectively.The seed cost per mu of strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County is significantly higher than that of non-strong-gluten variety wheat by 14 RMB yuan,and there is no significant difference between the two total costs.The yield per mu of strong-gluten variety wheat was significantly lower than that of non-strong-gluten variety by 25 kg,but the price per kg was significantly higher than that of non-strong-gluten variety wheat by 0.28 yuan,and the sales revenue per mu was significantly higher than that of non-strong-gluten variety wheat by 94 yuan.It is concluded that there is no significant difference between the total production cost of strong-gluten variety wheat and non-strong-gluten variety wheat in Yanjin County,while the protein content,dough stability time and sales revenue per mu of strong-gluten variety wheat are much higher than those of non-strong-gluten variety wheat according to the collected data.The price per kg of strong-gluten variety wheat would increase 0.011 yuan if the standard-reaching percent of high-quality wheat of strong-gluten variety wheat increased 1 percentage point.Besides,the hectares of stronggluten variety wheat would go 1 percentage point higher if the sales revenue per mu of strong-gluten variety wheat went 3 yuan higher than that of non-strong-gluten variety wheat.The results are contribute to formulating policy measures to improve the yield of strong gluten wheat varieties and farmers planting initiative.