我国理科基础学科科研水平发展现状及趋势分析——基于斯坦福大学全球前2%顶尖科学家榜单的研究

An Analysis of the Status and Trend of China's Basic Research in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology——Based on the Stanford's List of World's Top 2% Most-Cited Scientists

基础研究是科学之本和创新之源,在国家科技发展中具有重要的地位与作用。以基础学科中的数学、物理、化学和生物为研究对象,通过对斯坦福大学全球前2%顶尖科学家榜单的详细分析,研究了我国理科基础学科研究水平发展现状及国际地位。研究发现近年来我国理科基础学科研究实力大幅提升,但不同领域增长幅度不同。美国在理科基础研究中仍具有较大优势,且布局全面、发展均衡。日本、德国、英国等发达国家在数理化生四个基础学科的全球顶尖科学家人数比例基本保持稳定。通过对人数、机构数量和机构类型的对比分析,讨论了我国与世界科技强国在数理化生基础学科的发展差距,简要分析了我国部分高校的上榜情况。提出鼓励原创性研究、建立多元化投入机制、优化理科基础研究布局等建议。

Basic research is the foundation of science and the source of innovation, and has played a critical role in the development of science and technology. Focusing on mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, this article conducts a study on the current status and global position of China's basic research through a detailed analysis of Stanford's list of world's top 2% most-cited scientists. It finds that the level of China's basic research in general has improved significantly in recent years, although the magnitude varies among disciplines. The United States still has a large advantage in basic research over other countries, and the layout of its basic research is comprehensive and the development of the four disciplines is more balanced. The percentage of global top scientists in developed countries, such as Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom, has remained stable. With regard to the number of scientists and institutions, and types of funding agencies, this article discusses the gap between China and the world's scientific and technological powerhouses in basic research, and makes a brief analysis of the performance of representative Chinese universities. Finally yet importantly, it proposes a number of strategies, including promoting innovative research, establishing diversified investment mechanisms, and optimizing the layout of basic research and disciplines.