试论俄罗斯民族社会学的学科定位与内涵

A Study on the Subject Position and Connotation of Russian Ethnosociology

当代俄罗斯民族社会学的发展基于苏联时期的学科基础之上,其定位经历了从民族学和社会学之间的交叉学科到社会学分支学科的变化,该学科具有跨学科性以及研究内容上的广泛性、研究视角和研究方法上的综合性等特点,其研究取向从苏联时期重视民族社会结构研究转向后苏联时期更加重视族际关系、民族心理研究。历经50余年,当前俄罗斯民族社会学的发展已比较成熟,在教材出版和学术发表、专业人才培养等方面取得了显著成就,在国家政策、社会思想及意识形态方面也都产生了比较重要的影响。

The development of contemporary Russian ethnosociology is based on the disciplinary foundation of the Soviet period,and its orientation has undergone a change from an interdisciplinary discipline between ethnography and sociology to a sub-discipline of sociology,and considers the discipline to be interdisciplinary and characterized by a wide range of research contents,perspectives and methods.The research orientation has shifted from a Soviet emphasis on the study of ethnic social structures to a post-Soviet emphasis on inter-ethnic relations and ethnic psychology.After more than 50 years,the development of Russian ethnosociology is now relatively mature,with significant achievements in the publication of teaching materials and academic publications,and in the training of professionals,as well as having a significant impact on state policy,social thought and ideology.