身体竞技与乡土秩序:“斩马路”仪式的体育人类学研究

Body Competing for Rural Order:A Sports Anthropology Study on the Practice of the"Zhan-Ma-Lu"Rite

在西汉水流域的汉人乡村社会盛行的官教传神庆典中,以激烈的身体竞技作为仪式展演形态的“斩马路”,实为一独特的民俗体育活动。这种独特性既体现在基于传统宇宙空间观的独特竞技文化设计逻辑,还呈现为其以深层游戏潜质所显现的身体竞技过程之于乡土社会秩序塑构的多重微妙性。阐释人类学的文化分析,集中呈现了它在实践形态上作为一项民俗体育行为是如何精妙地贯通天、地、人、神来塑构乡土秩序,这启示我们:竞技之于秩序的构建需要突破单纯对物质利益的过度聚焦,寻求在人与自然、他人及自我关系的处理上探索具有深邃人文思想蕴含的可通达之径。

In the rural society of the Han people in the Western Han River Basin,the Zhan-Ma-Lu,with its fierce physical competition as a form of ritual performance,is not only the culmination of all official education and sacrificial rites,but also a unique folk sports activity.This uniqueness is reflected not only in its unique competitive cultural design logic based on the traditional cosmological view of space,but also in the multiple subtle meanings of the physical competitive process,which is revealed by its profound play potential for the construction of rural social order.The interpretive anthropological analysis of this article focuses on how it,as a rural sporting behaviour,subtly penetrates heaven,earth,people and gods to construct rural order in its practical form.It also enlightens us:the construction of an orderly rural social order requires a breakthrough in the focus of purely ordering material interests,and seeks to explore an accessible path with profound thoughts and humanistic connotations in the processing of the relationship between man and nature,with others and self.