动物流感病毒对人类健康的威胁

Threats of Animal Influenza Virus to Human Health

近20年来,动物流感疫病发生广泛、病毒变异快速,出现了多种新亚型、新基因型以及新突变型等新型流感病毒,不仅对畜牧养殖业造成了严重的经济损失,更严重威胁人类生命健康。目前,人感染禽流感疫情发生数逐年增加,2022年,我国河南又首次出现人感染H3N8病例,这些均提醒我们要提高警惕以减少新兴人兽共患疾病的风险。本文系统综述了新型动物流感的产生和跨种传播的机制和流行现状,以及应对动物流感风险的健康策略,强调人病兽防的重要性,并呼吁以“One Health”理念,开展多学科、多部门交叉合作、综合治理,防止流感大流行的发生,保障人民健康与公共卫生安全。

In recent 20 years,animal influenza viruses have mutated rapidly,leading to the emergence of a variety of novel influenza viruses,such as new subtypes,new genotypes and new mutants.causing serious economic losses to the animal husbandry industry,and even a serious threat to human health.The number of humans infected with avian influenza viruses has been increasing year-by-year.In 2022,the first human case of infection by the H3N8 avian influenza virus was reported in Henan,China.Such cases are a reminder for the need to be vigilant about reducing the risk of emerging zoonotic diseases.Here,we provide a systematic review of the emergence and mechanisms of transmission of novel influenza viruses from animals to humans.We also propose health strategies to address the risk of humans being infected by influenza viruses originating from animals.We emphasize the necessity of preventing animals becoming infected by influenza viruses.We call for multidisciplinary and multisectoral cooperation with the concept of"One Health"to prevent influenza pandemics and ensure the health of the general population.