我国刑事案件在线诉讼的理论检视与规则限定

Theoretical Review and Rule Limitation of China’s Online Litigation in Criminal Cases

探讨刑事案件在线诉讼相关理论和规则之前,有必要先厘清在线诉讼概念。国外学者对在线诉讼的界定有其特定内涵,认为同步诉讼并不是在线诉讼的具体所指。在我国,在线诉讼包括同步诉讼和异步诉讼两种模式,但异步诉讼并未延展至刑事领域。我国刑事案件在线诉讼实际上是指刑事案件在线同步诉讼,其适用范围有局限性。通过对我国刑事案件在线诉讼基础理论予以检视,可以得出其适用局限的深层次原因及理论障碍。因此,我国刑事案件在线同步诉讼的规范运行仍有赖于相关规则的适用限定,包括遵循审判中心主义,严格限制适用情形和范围;坚持控辩平等原则,充分尊重诉讼各方的选择权;贯彻法律监督原则,充分保证检察监督权等。

Before discussing the theories and rules of online litigation in criminal cases,it is necessary to clarify the concept of online litigation.Scholars abroad define online litigation with its specific connotation and hold that synchronous litigation is not the specific meaning of online litigation.In our country,the online litigation includes synchronous litigation and asynchronous litigation patterns,but the asynchronous litigation did not extend to the criminal field.The online litigation of criminal cases actually refers to the synchronous litigation of criminal cases,and its application scope has limitations.Through examining the basic theory of online litigation in criminal cases,we can find out the deep reason and theoretical obstacle of its application limitation.Therefore,the standard operation of online synchronous litigation of criminal cases still depends on the limitation of relevant rules,including following the centralism of trial,and strictly limiting the application situation and scope;Adhere to the principle of equal prosecution and defense,and fully respect the right of choice of the parties to the lawsuit;Implement the principle of legal supervision and fully guarantee the power of procuratorial supervision.