两种新型生物降解地膜对番茄生长及土壤微生物、酶活性的影响

Effects of two new biodegradable films on tomato growth and soil microbial and enzyme activities

为进一步推动生物降解地膜在实际生产中的应用,本试验以番茄(甜脆脆)为材料,以聚乙烯地膜(PE)为对照,研究PBAT/PLA木质素生物降解地膜(MZS)、PBAT/PLA腐殖酸生物降解地膜(FZS)覆盖对土壤微生物群落结构多样性、土壤酶活性及番茄生长的影响。结果表明:不同地膜覆盖下土壤微生物相对丰度有所差异,覆盖MZS地膜后土壤真菌Chytridiomycota的相对丰度高于覆盖PE和FZS地膜,覆盖FZS地膜后土壤真菌Ascomycota和细菌Verrucomicrobiota、Bacteroidota的相对丰度高于覆盖PE和MZS地膜;覆盖FZS和MZS地膜土壤蔗糖酶活性显著高于覆盖PE地膜;相较于覆盖PE和MZS地膜,覆盖FZS地膜番茄茎粗分别显著增加5.99%和3.14%。以上表明,不同地膜覆盖会改变土壤微生物群落结构,影响土壤酶活性及番茄生长,其中覆盖FZS地膜可以有效促进番茄生长发育。

In order to further promote the application of biodegradable film in actual production,this study used tomato(tiancuicui)as the experimental material and polyethylene film(PE)as the control.The effects of PBAT/PLA lignin biodegradable film(MZS)and PBAT/PLA humic acid biodegradable film(FZS)on soil microbial community structure diversity,soil enzyme activity and tomato growth were systematically analyzed.Results showed:the relative abundance of soil microorganisms under different film mulching was different.The relative abundance of soil fungi Chytridiomycota after MZS film mulching was higher than that of PE and FZS film mulching.The relative abundance of soil fungi Ascomycota and bacteria Verrucomicrobiota and Bacteroidota after FZS film mulching was higher than that of PE and MZS film mulching.The soil sucrase activity of FZS and MZS film mulching was significantly higher than that of PE film mulching(P<0.05).Compared to covering PE and MZS film,covering FZS film significantly increased tomato stem diameter by 5.99%and 3.14%,respectively(P<0.05).The total potassium content of tomato roots covered with FZS film was significantly increased by 19.35%compared with PE film(P<0.05).The above shows that different plastic film mulching will change the soil microbial community structure,affect soil enzyme activity and tomato growth;among them,FZS film can effectively promote the growth and development of tomato.