藏文古籍写本文献中的“bam Po”一词探析

On the Progress and Function of Word“Bam-Po”Used in Tibetan Ancient Books

习近平总书记在中央第七次西藏工作座谈会上明确指出:“要挖掘、整理宣传西藏自古以来各民族交往交流交融的历史事实,引导各族群众看到民族的走向和未来,深刻认识到中华民族是命运共同体,促进各民族交往交流交融。”对藏文古籍写本中的“bam po”一词研究有助于深入挖掘、整理、宣传西藏自古以来各民族交往交流交融的实证材料。文章主要结合吐蕃时期大藏经目录、各类藏文词典、历史文献以及敦煌藏文文献,旨在探析藏文古籍写本中的“bam po”一词的来龙去脉。首先,历史文献学视域下较详细地探讨了藏文古籍写本之“bam po”词源及含义,认为藏文古籍写本中的“bam po”最初来源于是梵文名词“पुस्तिक”(pustika),仅指写本书籍,作为一个编目术语“bam po”和“sholo ka”被用在最早期的翻译经典和西藏本土著作的标题目录中,应用在固定一份文本的长度,这两个术语曾被用来防止未经授权的编辑和修改;其次,论述了藏文古籍写本之“bam po”一词与其相对的“sholo ka”是佛教典籍文献的专用名词,也是抄经事业中不可或缺的计量单位,相当于汉文典籍中的“卷”与“篇”。最后,认为藏文古籍写本中的“bam po”是写本学的专业术语。与此同时,“bam po”在抄经活动中起到了方便抄写人员的应酬计算等作用。

Propagandizing the historical facts of the exchanges and exchanges of various ethnic groups in Tibet since ancient times provides empirical materials,and is also a case study of the important role of Tibetan classics and culture in the formation of the pluralistic and integrated pattern of the Chinese nation.This article mainly combines the views from Tibetan scripture catalogue,various Tibetan dictionaries,historical documents,Dunhuang Tibetan documents to try analyzing the origin and development of the word“Bam-Po”in Tibetan ancient books.First,from the perspective of historical philology,the etymology and meaning of“Bam-Po”in Tibetan ancient books are discussed in detail.According to the author’s research,“bam po”in Tibetan ancient books is originally derived from the Sanskrit term“पुस्तिक”(putika),which only refers to the written book.As a cataloging term“Bam-Po”and“Sho-Lo-Ka”,it is used in the title catalogue of the earliest translation classics and Tibetan local works,the two terms may have been used to prevent unauthorized editing and modification.Secondly,it discusses that the word“Bam-Po”in Tibetan ancient books and its corresponding“Sho-Lo-Ka”are the special term of Buddhist classics,and also the indispensable unit of measurement in the copying of scriptures,which is equivalent to“volume”and“article”in Chinese classics.Finally,it is considered that“Bam-Po”in Tibetan ancient book writing is a professional term of writing.At the same time,“Bam-Po”has played a role in facilitating the social calculation of scribes in the copying activities.