T细胞免疫衰老的研究进展

Research progress in mechanism of T cell senescence

随着人口老龄化加剧,感染导致的发病率和病死率升高,老年人群肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病高发及疫苗接种效果变差,与适应性免疫系统功能受损密切相关。T细胞是适应性免疫系统的重要组成,介导细胞免疫并调控体液免疫。因此T细胞衰老的表型与机制及特异性针对衰老的免疫策略成为近年研究热点。本文将从T细胞“数量”和“质量”两个方面总结T细胞衰老的表型特征,进一步从细胞普遍衰老机制及T细胞独有衰老机制探讨T细胞衰老的机制,以期为免疫衰老机制深入研究与临床治疗提供新的思路。

With population aging,morbidity and mortality caused by infections increase,tumour and autoimmune diseases occur more frequently,and vaccination effectiveness declines.These phenomena,prevalent among the elderly,are closely associated with dysfunction of adaptive immune system.T cells are an essential component of adaptive immune system,mediating cellular immu-nity and regulating humoral immunity.Thus,phenotype and mechanism of T cell aging as well as strategies optimizing immunity among aged population have become popular research topics in recent years.This review will summarize hallmarks of T cell senescence based on"quantitative"and"qualitative"senescence of T cells and further discuss underlying mechanisms from general cell biological aspect and T cell-specific aspect,aiming to provide new ideas for exploring in-depth mechanisms and novel clinical treatment strate-gies for immune senescence.