低镉高产春小麦品种筛选及富集转运特征分析

Screening Cd enrichment and transport characteristics of low-cadmium and high-yield spring wheat varieties

筛选具有低Cd积累且高产特性的春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种,可使春小麦在轻度Cd污染农田得到安全生产利用。本研究以21个春小麦品种(编号X1~X21)为研究对象,于2020年和2021年连续2年开展大田试验,通过籽粒Cd含量和产量聚类分析,筛选具有低Cd高产特性的春小麦品种,并分析不同类型春小麦产量、Cd富集、转运系数差异。结果表明,X4、X6~X8、X10、X16~X21等11个品种具有低Cd高产特性,且标靶危害系数均小于1,X14为Cd高积累且低产品种,这两种类型分别占供试品种的52.38%和4.76%;综合2年试验结果,低产中Cd类型春小麦品种茎的富集系数较高产低Cd类型春小麦品种高0.4倍,低产高Cd类型春小麦品种根、茎、叶、颖壳到籽粒的Cd转运系数较高产低Cd类型春小麦品种分别显著高2.5、2.2、1.8、2.2倍。研究表明,丰强6号、丰强11号等11个高产低Cd春小麦品种可在Cd污染农田推广种植。

Screening of spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)varieties with low Cd accumulation and high yield characteristics can make spring wheat safe for production and utilization in mildly Cd contaminated farmlands.In this study,21 spring wheat varieties(serial number X1-X21)were studied,and field experiments were carried out in 2020 and 2021.Spring wheat varieties with low Cd and high yield characteristics were screened through grain Cd content and yield clustering analysis,and the differences in yield,Cd bioaccumulation factor,and transport factor of the different varieties were analyzed.The results showed that 11 varieties,including X4,X6-X8,X10,X16-X21,had the characteristics of low Cd and high yield,and a target hazard factor of<1.X14 is a variety with high Cd accumulation and low yield,accounting for 52.38%and 4.76%of the tested varieties,respectively.Based on the results of the two-year experiment,the bioaccumulation factor of the stems of low-yielding and medium-Cd spring wheat varieties was 0.4 times higher,and the transport factor of roots,stems,leaves and husks of low-yielding and high-Cd spring wheat varieties were 2.5,2.2,1.8 times and 2.2 times higher than those Project supported:China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA;Joint Public Relations Project for the Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Land by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of high-yielding and low-Cd spring wheat varieties,respectively.In summary,11 high-yield and low-Cd spring wheat varieties,such as Fengqiang No.6 and Fengqiang No.11,can be promoted and planted in Cd-polluted farmlands.