社会冲突视域下基层柔性治理:概念、意义与策略

The Flexible Governance at the Grassroots Level from the Perspective of Social Conflicts:Concepts,Meanings and Strategies

基层治理是国家治理的基石,统筹推进乡镇(街道)和城乡社区治理,是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础工程。加强和创新基层社会治理,关乎党长期执政、国家长治久安和广大人民群众的切身利益,意义十分重大。而善治则是对整个社会的要求,不仅要有好的政府治理,还要有好的社会治理。善治是公共利益最大化的治理过程,其本质特征就是国家与社会处于最佳状态。柔性治理是基层社会治理通往善治的一个桥梁。基于社会冲突理论,采取案例研究法,对基层社会治理存在的一些问题进行深度剖析,正因为基层社会的刚性治理往往会导致:一是会把人看成是接受监督的对象,而不是服务的对象;二是会进一步强化治理主体和治理规则的权威性,导致沟通、人格的不对等;三是会导致暴力(包括语言暴力)容易发生和情感价值难以凝聚,所以柔性治理就显得非常有必要和意义,其至少在两个方面可消除刚性治理的不足:一是柔性治理可以促进社会团结;二是柔性治理可以达到社会的善治。要想达到柔性治理则需要:一是积极采取非强制性的社会控制方式和服务型政府建设;二是做到以人为本的基层治理;三是关注百姓的心理过程和激发内在创造力以实现自我服务。总之,柔性治理既是社会建设与政治实践的需要,也是人民的需要,其对基层治理走向善治有着十分重要的作用。未来,在基层社会治理过程中,柔性治理的思维也需被积极践行,治理也要应对人才匮乏和数字乡村等各方面的挑战,只有做到未雨绸缪,基层社会才能更好的善治和稳定。

Grass roots governance is the cornerstone of national governance.Coordinated promotion of township(street),urban and rural community governance is the basic project to modernize the national governance system and governance capacity.Strengthening and innovating grassroots social governance is of great significance as it relates to the long-term governance of the CPC,the long-term stability of the country and the vital interests of the general public.Good governance is a requirement for the entire society,not only for good government governance,but also for good social governance.Good governance is a governance process that maximizes public interest,of which essential feature is the country and society are in the best state.Flexible governance is a bridge between grassroots social governance and good governance.Based on the social conflict theory and the case study method,this study deeply analyzes some problems existing in grass-roots social governance.The rigid governance of grass-roots society often leads to:firstly,people will be regarded as the object of supervision rather than the object of service,secondly,it will further strengthen the authority of governance subjects and governance rules,leading to unequal communication and personality,and thirdly,it can lead to violence(including verbal violence)that is prone to occur and emotional value is difficult to cohere,therefore,flexible governance is very necessary and meaningful for us.It can eliminate the shortcomings of rigid governance in at least two aspects:firstly,flexible governance can promote social unity;secondly,flexible governance can achieve good governance in society.To achieve flexible governance,firstly,we need actively adopting non mandatory social control,service-oriented government construction.Secondly,people-oriented grassroots governance should be achieved.Thirdly,we should pay attention to the psychological processes of the people and stimulate internal creativity to achieve self service.In short,flexible governance is not only a need for social construction and political practice,but also a need for the people.It plays a very important role in promoting grassroots governance towards good governance.In the future,in the process of grassroots social governance,the thinking of flexible governance needs to be actively practiced.Governance also needs to address various challenges such as talent scarcity and digital rural areas.Only by taking precautions can grassroots society achieve better governance and stability.