当代的精神处境--在“广泛的哲学体系”与人类精神价值指向之间探寻

Contemporary Spiritual Situation-Exploring between the“Broad Philosophical Systems”and the Orientation of Human Spiritual Values

从历史长时段、大周期来看,中华文明大致经历了一个由外向内、不断追求“自我”的过程。中华民族最高哲学智慧集中体现为“易”“道”“仁”“理”“心”这五个字。易学、道学、仁学、理学、心学作为中华民族的本体论,折射出中国古人对于“天道”“人道”“王道”的理解和追求,其中反映出的天人合一、天下为公、天下大同等价值追求和精神标识,是中华民族的文化之根、历史之脉、精神之源,更是中华文明对人类文明最大的贡献。16世纪以来,西方世界逐渐进入资本主义时代,在追求现代化的进程中产生了包括“地圆说”“新教伦理与资本主义精神”“国富论”等在内的九大学说,但从理论层面来讲,这些学说带有较大的历史局限性和意识形态偏见,是彻底的资本主义产物。资本主义的发展虽然给世界带来了极大的物质财富,但对人类又产生了“异化”。进入当代,在“广泛的哲学体系”与人类精神价值指向之间探寻人类精神世界处境就极具意义。中华优秀传统文化、马克思主义和习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的价值追求皆指向人和人类世界的解放,三者内在联系、高度契合、互动共进。首先,中华优秀传统文化的典型代表——“儒释道”文化价值指向人的精神世界;其次,作为实践哲学的马克思主义为人类的解放事业指明了方向;再次,习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想着眼于推动构建人类命运共同体,创造了人类文明新形态,将人类解放事业推向了新阶段。这三者以中国为观照,以世界为观照,以时代为观照,不断推动中国革命、建设、改革和新时代事业取得重大成就,为中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问作出了深刻解答,这些精神和价值推动世界各国以文明交流超越文明隔阂、以文明互鉴超越文明冲突、以文明包容超越文明优越,必将为人类和平发展事业贡献更多的中国智慧和中国力量。

From a historical and broad perspective,Chinese civilization has undergone a process of seeking“self”from the external world to the internal realm.The highest philosophical wisdom of the Chinese nation is epitomized by the five characters:“Yi”(Change),“Dao”(The Way),“Ren”(Benevolence),“Li”(Reason),and“Xin”(Heart/Mind).As the ontology of the Chinese nation,the studies of Yi,Dao,Ren,Li,and Xin reflect the the ancient Chinese people’s understanding and pursuit of“Heaven’s Mandate”,“Humanity’s Way”and“Righteous Governance”.Within these,values such as the unity of heaven and humanity,the common good of all under heaven,and the ideal of a harmonious world are reflected.They represent the cultural foundation,historical heritage,and spiritual source of the Chinese nation,making significant contributions to human civilization as a whole.Since the 20th century,the western world has gradually entered the era of capitalism,and in the pursuit of modernization,various theories have emerged,inculding the nine major theories such as“Geocentrism”,“Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism,”and“The Wealth of Nations”.However,from a theoretical perspective,these theories carry significant historical limitations and ideological biases,as they are fundamentally products of capitalism.The values pursued in excellent traditional Chinese culture,Marxism,and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era all aim at the liberation of individuals and the human world.These three have inherent connections,high compatibility,and mutual interaction.Firstly,the exemplary representation of excellent traditional Chinese culture,the cultural value of“Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism”,focuses on the spiritual world of individuals.Secondly,Marxism,as a practical philosophy,provides guidance for the cause of human liberation.Furthermore,Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era aims to promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind,taking the cause of human liberation to new heights.These three perspectives,with China as the focus,the world as the focus,and the era as the focus,have continuously propelled China’s revolution,construction,reform,and the accomplishments of the new era.They have provided profound answers to the questions of China,the world,the people,and the era.These Chinese spirits and values will undoubtedly drive countries around the world to transcend the cultural barriers through cultural exchanges,surpass cultural conflicts through mutual learning,and promote coexistence beyond the notion of superiority.They will contribute more Chinese wisdom and strength to the cause of peaceful development for humanity.