汉语“绘画”义动词的历时演变

Diachronic Evolution of Huihua(绘画)Verb in Chinese

从古至今“画”一直居于“绘画”义语义场中的主导地位,其次是“图”和“绘”。“绘画”义动词长期共存,演变过程中,施事者地位都由高到低,由动作致使者到自主行为发起者,在用法上存在较大差异,不能完全替代。词汇语义的侧重点不同,“画”重刻画,综合了“图”“绘”的功能;“图”重摹写,写实性强,不强调色彩;“绘”重描绘,多与色彩搭配。关涉对象有区别,“画”的绘画题材和功能逐渐世俗化,绘画方式和内容简单化,“图”“绘”纪实性增强。句法方面,“绘画”义动词以二价用法为主,但成员内部存在部分差异。

From ancient times to the present day,hua(画)has always dominated the semantic field of the meaning of huihua(绘画),followed by tu(图)and hui(绘).The verb huihua(绘画)has long coexisted and evolved from a higher to a lower status,from the one who causes the action to the one who initiates the autonomous act.However,there are great differences in usage,which cannot be completely replaced.The emphasis of lexical semantics is different:hua(画)places emphasis on kehua(刻画),integrating the functions of tu(图)and hui(绘);tu(图)places emphasis on moxie(摹写)and its realism is strong,do not emphasize color;hui(画)places emphasis on miaohui(描绘),which is often paired with color.The subject matter and function of painting have been gradually secularized,and the painting style and content have been simplified.The documentary of tu(图)and hui(绘)is enhanced.Syntactic aspect,huihua(绘画)verb is mainly used in bivalent usage,but there are some differences among members.