微波吸收复合材料体系及其计算机辅助设计的研究进展

Research Progress of Microwave Absorbing Composite Material System andComputer-aided Design

微波吸收材料是指将投射至材料表面的电磁波能量转变为热能等其他类型的能量,从而实现电磁波的衰减和损耗的一类功能材料。随着抗磁干扰、辐射防护和军用隐身的现实需求不断增加,电磁波吸收材料不断向材料复合化、结构多样化的方向发展。并且随着信息技术的不断发展,以有限元分析、第一性原理计算为代表的材料计算科学,已广泛应用于微波吸收材料成分结构设计中,是实现材料可复合、可分析、可控制的重要手段。本文在综述阻抗匹配、电磁衰减等电磁波吸收基本原理与重要方程的基础上,论述了材料结构成分设计理论与计算机辅助方法,并根据研究现状对微波吸收复合材料进行分类,介绍了各体系复合材料的结构成分设计特点,分析了目前研究存在的问题,展望了未来的发展方向。

Microwave absorbing material refers to aclass of functional material,which possesses the ability to convert the electromagnetic wave energy irradiating on their surface into other types of energy such as heat through certain kinds of physical actions,thereby realizing the attenuation and loss of electromagnetic waves.With the increasing demand for anti-magnetic interference,radiation protection,and military stealth,electromagnetic wave absorbing materials continue to develop towards component compositing and structure diversification.With the continuous development of information technology,material computing techniques represented by finite element analysis and first-principles calculations,have been widely used in the design of components and structures of microwave absorbing materials,which are the important means to realize compositing,analysis,and control of the materials.This paper clarifies the basic principles and important equations of electromagnetic wave absorption,such as impedance matching and electromagnetic attenuation,and reviews the design theory of material structure and component and computer-aided methods.According to the research status,microwave absorbing composite materials have been classified,and the structure and composition design features in multiple systems have been described.Finally,the conclusion analyzes the problems existing in current research,and prospects for the future development direction.