连续玄武岩纤维新材料的制备、性能及应用

Preparation,Properties and Application of Novel Continuous Basalt Fibers

以玄武岩矿石为原料拉丝制成的连续玄武岩纤维,是一种高性能天然绿色无机矿物纤维,应用领域广泛,在工业发展和国防建设中具有重要意义。在回顾连续玄武岩纤维制备技术发展的基础上,介绍了坩埚法和池窑法,专门阐述了当前常用的池窑法生产工艺,以及矿石原料、关键设备、浸润剂这三个主要的影响因素。简介了玄武岩纤维中各元素成分对纤维本身性能的不同作用,并将玄武岩纤维与其他高性能纤维材料进行性能及参数对比,认为连续玄武岩纤维及其表面改性后具有优异的综合性能。结合连续玄武岩纤维应用形态对其用途进行了概述,包括玄武岩纤维丝的土工力学增强应用、丝加工成多种织物的耐温隔热应用、岩棉和鳞片的应用、基础型材(复合筋、复合板材、复合管道等)应用,以及复合材料在诸多工业领域或特殊领域的应用。从发展前景、重点应用领域、生产影响因素、制备技术及产业拓展等方面进行了分析与展望,以期对我国玄武岩纤维技术水平和行业发展起到促进作用。

Continuous basalt fibers made by drawing raw basalt ore have been recognized as a kind of high-performance and environmental friendly inorganic mineral fiber,which has a wide range of applications and is of great significance in both industrial development and national defense construction.By reviewing the development of preparation technology for continuous basalt fibers,this paper introduces the crucible and tank kiln method,especially the current common tank kiln production process,as well as the three main influencing factors of tank kiln process including ore raw materials,key equipment and wetting agent.Moreover,this paper briefly introduced the different effects of various elements in basalt fiber on the its properties,and compares the properties and parameters of basalt fiber with other high-performance fibers.It is considered that continuous basalt fiber has excellent comprehensive properties.Combined with the application forms of continuous basalt fiber,its applications are summarized,including the application of geotechnical reinforcement of basalt fiber wire,the application of temperature resistance and heat insulation of wire processed into a variety of fabrics,the application of rock wool and scale,the application of basic profile(composite reinforcement,composite plate,composite pipeline,etc.),and the application of composite materials in many industrial fields or special fields.On the basis of the above,this paper analyzed and prospected the development prospect,crucial fields of application,impact factors of production,preparation technology and industrial expansion of continuous basalt fibers,so that to motivate their engineering level and industrial development in China.