民用燃煤污染物排放因子的本地化与减排分析:以辽宁省为例

Localization and Emission Reduction Analysis of Residential Coal Combustion Pollutants:A Case Study of Liaoning Province

为探究辽宁省民用燃煤的污染物排放情况,本文选用常见的散煤与型煤为研究对象在农户家中进行燃烧试验,定量评估了不同煤型和不同炉具的排放因子,并比较了不同取暖方式的经济成本.结果表明:①不同类型燃煤的污染物排放因子差异较大,与烟煤Ⅰ(劣质散煤)相比,洁净煤球的NOx、CO、VOCs和PM排放因子分别降低了39.8%、44.2%、42.1%和57.9%;与烟煤Ⅱ(优质散煤)相比,洁净煤球的CO、VOCs排放因子分别降低了14.9%和27.8%.②炉具类型对民用燃煤污染物排放因子的影响较大,与站炉相比,烟煤Ⅰ在环保炉中燃烧产生的SO_(2)、PM和CO排放因子分别降低了72.8%、35.1%和39.5%.③2020年辽宁44省民用燃煤的SO_(2)、NOx、CO、VOCs和PM排放量分别为0.473×10^(4)、1.207×10^(4)、86.295×10^(4)、0.642×10^(4)和1.474×10^(4)t,其中散煤的污染物排放量大于型煤.④取暖方式的费用是居民考虑的重要因素,在政府补贴下型煤+环保炉具取暖方式费用为每年1073.99元,较散煤+环保炉具取暖方式减少了35%.⑤用经济成本较低的型煤+环保炉具取暖方式替代辽宁省现有的散煤取暖方式,VOCs、PM和CO约分别减排79.9%、85.3%和42.6%.研究显示,在保证型煤品质的前提下,型煤+环保炉具取暖方式在排放量和经济成本上均优于散煤+传统炉具,政府可以在经济水平较差的农村地区推广使用.

In order to investigate the pollutant emission characteristics of residential coal combustion in Liaoning Province,bulk coal and briquette coal were used to conduct field combustion experiments.The emission factors of different coal types and different stoves were obtained,and the costs of different heating modes were compared.The results showed that:(1)The types of residential coal had a great impact on pollutant emission factors.Compared with bituminous coalⅠ(poor quality bulk coal),the NOx,CO,VOCs and PM emission factors of briquette coal were reduced by 39.8%,44.2%,42.1%and 57.9%,respectively.However,compared with bituminous coalⅡ(high quality bulk coal),the CO and VOCs emission factors of briquette coal were reduced by 14.9%and 27.8%,respectively.(2)The type of stove was also an important factor affecting the emission factor.Compared with the standing stove,the emission factors of SO_(2),PM and CO produced by bituminous coalⅠcombustion in the eco-friendly stove were reduced by 72.8%,35.1%and 39.5%,respectively.(3)In 2020,the SO_(2),NOx,CO,VOCs and PM emissions from residential coal combustion in Liaoning Province were 0.473×10^(4),1.207×10^(4),86.295×10^(4),0.642×10^(4)and 1.474×10^(4)t,among which the pollutant emission of bulk coal was greater than that of briquette coal.(4)The economic cost of heating mode was an important factor considered by residents.Under government subsidies,the cost of briquette coal and eco-friendly stove heating mode was 1073.99 RMB per year,which was 35%less than bituminous coal and eco-friendly stove heating mode.(5)By replacing the existing bituminous coal heating mode in Liaoning Province with lower cost briquette coal and eco-friendly stove heating mode,VOCs,PM and CO emissions were reduced by approximately 79.9%,85.3%and 42.6%respectively.Therefore,while ensuring the quality of briquette coal,the government can promote the use of briquette and eco-friendly stove in economically underdeveloped rural areas.