土地转出对农村中老年人健康水平的影响研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

The effect of land transfer on the health of middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas—An empirical analysis based on CHARLS data

本文基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,运用Probit模型,实证检验土地转出是否显著改善了农村中老年人的健康水平及其对健康影响的作用路径。结果显示:(1)土地转出对农村中老年人健康有正向促进作用,显著提高了农村中老年人的生理和心理健康水平;(2)土地财产性收入在土地转出对中老年人心理健康的影响机制中发挥了完全中介效应,而对中老年人生理健康的中介效应影响不显著;(3)异质性分析发现土地转出对中年人和老年人的健康影响存在差异,对60岁以上老年人健康的积极作用更为明显。因此,应进一步规范农村土地流转制度,加大对土地流转市场的培育和完善;建立健全社会保障体系,完善养老保障制度;加大对公共医疗卫生资源的投入力度,关注中老年人的物质和精神生活,增加对中老年人的精神关怀。

Based on the data of 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),this paper uses a Probit model to empirically test whether land transfer significantly improves the health level of rural middle-aged and elderly people and the pathways of its impact on health.The results show that:(1)land transfer has a positive effect on the health of rural middle-aged and elderly people,significantly improving their physical and mental health.(2)Land property income plays a full mediating role in the mechanism of the effect of land transfer on the psychological health of middle-aged and elderly people,while the mediating effect on the physical health of middle-aged and elderly people was not significant.(3)Heterogeneity analysis shows that the health effects of land transfer are different between middle-aged people and the elderly,the positive effect is more obvious for the elderly over 60 years old.Therefore,the government should standardize the rural land transfer system,strengthen the cultivation and improvement of the land transfer market,establish and improve the social security system and the old-age security system,increase the investment in public medical and health resources,and pay attention to the material and spiritual life of the middle-aged and elderly and increase their spiritual care.