锌肥对枳壳产量和品质的影响

Effects of zinc fertilizer on yields and quality of Fructus aurantii

【目的】探究锌肥对枳壳产量和品质的影响,为江西道地药材产区的枳壳优质高效生产提供理论依据。【方法】以枳壳品种新香为研究对象,以农民习惯施肥作为对照(CF),采用叶面喷施0.3%硫酸锌溶液的方法,统计增施锌肥后枳壳的产量和药效成分累积量等指标。【结果】喷增施锌肥后,枳壳的产量、药效成分柚皮苷和新橙皮苷的累积量和单株全锌累积量均显著提高,单株全锌累积量与产量及其构成因子、单株药效成分累积量均呈显著正相关,且不同产地的枳壳产量构成因子和单果药效成分累积量对增施锌肥的响应存在显著差异。【结论】增施锌肥后,枳壳的产量、单株药效成分累积量和单株全锌累积量均显著提高,且樟树产地的枳壳产量和药效成分提升程度大于新干产地枳壳的提升程度。

【Objective】Most studies on Fructus aurantii focused on the activity of pharmacoactive ingredients,pharmacological effects,processing methods and cultivation techniques,but few are related to yield and quality.Exploring the influence of zinc fertilizer on the yield and quality of F.aurantii could promote the industry development of F.aurantii.【Methods】Using F.aurantii‘Xinxiang’planted more than five years ago as the experimental materials,two treatments were designed in Xingan and Zhangshu experimental field.With the conventional fertilization as the control(CF),the other treatment was set as spraying with 0.3%zinc sulfate solution on the leaf surface at both the young fruit stage and fruit swell stage.At maturity stage,yields and yield components,nutrient content,pharmacoactive component contents and accumulations of zinc in F.aurantii were analyzed.【Results】After zinc fertilization application,the yield,naringin and neohesperidin contents per plant and total zinc accumulation per plant of F.aurantii significantly increased.In the Xingan experimental field,the yield of F.aurantii was 4143 kg·hm-2,which was 22.23%higher than CF.The amounts of naringin and neohesperidin per plant in Xingan were 142.5 g and 97.2 g,respectively,which were 51.3%and 55.6%higher than CF.The amount of total zinc per plant in Xingan was 28.0 mg,which was 61.2%higher than CF.In Zhangshu experimental field,after zinc application,the yield of F.aurantii was 2959 kg·hm^(-2),which was 64.9%higher than CF.The amounts of naringin and neohesperidin contents per plant in Zhangshu were 66.5 g and 44.5 g,respectively,which were 68.8%and 51.9%higher than CF.The amount of total zinc per plant in Zhangshu was 7.89 mg,which was 71.4%higher than CF.There were significant differences in yield components and the amount of pharmacodynamic components per fruit between zinc fertilization treatment and CF in different production areas.After zinc fertilization application,the fresh weight of single fruit in the Xingan significantly increased.The fresh weight of single fruit reached 69.2 g per fruit,which was an increase of 15.3%compared to CF.The number of fruits in the Zhangshu increased to 45 per plant,which was 55.2%higher than CF.There was no significant difference in the amount of pharmacodynamic components per fruit in Zhangshu between the two treatments.The amount of naringenin and neohesperidin contents per fruit in the Xingan significantly increased,which were 1.2 g and 0.8 g,and 37.6%and 41.4%higher than those of the control,respectively.This may due to the enhancement of the accumulation of pharmacodynamic components in F.aurantii after the application of zinc fertilizer,and then naringin and neohesperidin were evenly distributed in each fruit.Besides,there was no significant change in the number of fruits per plant in the Xingan,and the number of fruit per plant in Zhangshu increased significantly,so there was no significant difference in the contents of naringin and neohesperidin compared with the control in Zhangshu,but the cumulative amount per plant increased significantly.After the application of zinc fertilizer,the moisture content of F.aurantii decreased and the dry matter content increased.The water content of F.aurantii in Xingan and Zhangshu experimental fields decreased by 29.7%and 6.3%,and the dry matter contents increased by 31.2%and 7.8%,respectively.In addition,the accumulation of total zinc per plant was significantly and positively correlated with yield,yield components and the pharmacodynamic components per plant.While the accumulation of total zinc per plant increased significantly,the yield,the accumulation of naringin and neohesperidin per plant also increased significantly.【Conclusion】Compared with the conventional fertilization,the application of zinc fertilizer at both the young fruit stage and fruit swell stage can significantly improve the yield and quality of F.aurantii.The accumulation of pharmacodynamic components and total zinc content per plant can significantly increase by zinc fertilization.