我国刑事审判组织场域中的实践困境及其解决——基于制度理论的质性研究

Practical Dilemmas in China's Criminal Trial Organization Field and Their Solutions——A Qualitative Study based on Institutional Theory

独任制、合议制与审判委员会是刑事审判组织的重要组成部分,审判组织的良好运行是国家刑罚权正确适用与司法公正得以实现的重要保障。将实践中出现的问题借助“组织场域”理论模型进行解释,分别在治理结构、制度逻辑以及行动者层面剖析原因并寻找解决方案。独任法官庭审“流于形式”属于制度逻辑层面的认知问题,应当转变快速审判程序的理念与构造;合议庭“合而不议”属于制度逻辑与治理结构的双重问题,应当取消承办法官制度并完善合议庭评议规则;审判委员会会议类审判职能的局限属于治理结构层面的问题,应当对列席人员范围、讨论程序与决议机制予以完善。

The sole-judge trial,collegial trial and judicial committee are the important components of the criminal trial organization,and the positive operation of the trial organization is an important guarantee for the correct application of the national penalty power and the realization of judicial justice.This paper attempts to explain the problems in practice with the help of the theory model of organizational field,analyze the reasons and find solutions from the governance structure,institutional logic and actors.Specifically speaking,the mere formality of the trial of the sole judge belongs to the cognitive problem at the level of system logic,and the concept and structure of the rapid trial procedure should be changed;collegial panel agreement but not discussion belongs to the dual problem of system logic and governance structure,so the system of presiding judge should be abolished and the rules of collegial panel evaluation should be perfected;the limitation of the trial function of the judicial committee is a problem of the governance structure,and the scope of non-attendance personnel,discussion procedure and resolution mechanism should be perfected.