非物质劳动与数字商品的劳动价值论审视

Examination of the Labor Value Theory about Immaterial Labor and Digital Commodities

数字技术的发展使得劳动过程呈现出数字化、信息化、智能化特征,并生产出大量以数据内容为核心的数字商品。数字商品呈现出无实物形体、零成本复制、无限次使用的特征,这与传统物质资料存在明显差异。对此,西方学者提出非物质劳动概念,认为数字经济时代劳动与活动之间的边界模糊,强调数字商品的思想、情绪、文化内容也创造价值。实际上,西方学者并没有厘清非物质劳动、非生产劳动、服务劳动之间的联系与区别,也没有认识到劳动与一般人类活动之间的本质差异。对数字商品的认识应当摒弃非物质劳动概念的偏狭,基于劳动价值论并运用总体思维来揭示数字商品的价值决定过程。进一步地,辨析数字商品价格长期高于价值的原因是源于数字企业天然的垄断倾向,并没有否定劳动价值论与价值规律。

The development of digital technology makes the labor process show the characteristics of digitization,information and intelligence,and produce a large number of digital goods with data content as the core.Digital goods show the characteristics of no physical form,zero cost copy,unlimited use,which is obviously different from traditional material materials.In this regard,Western scholars put forward the concept of immaterial labor,believing that the boundary between labor and activities in the era of digital economy is fuzzy,and emphasizing that the thoughts,emotions and cultural contents of digital commodities also create value.In fact,Western scholars have not clarified the connection and difference between non-material labor,non-productive labor and service labor,nor have they recognized the essential difference between labor and general human activities.The understanding of digital goods should abandon the narrow concept of immaterial labor and reveal the value determination process of digital goods based on the labor theory of value and the use of overall thinking.Furthermore,the price of digital commodities is higher than the value for a long time,which results from the natural monopoly tendency of digital enterprises,but does not negate the labor theory of value and the law of value.